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Intrabar Efficiency Ratio █ OVERVIEW This indicator displays a directional variant of Perry Kaufman's Efficiency Ratio, designed to gauge the "efficiency" of intrabar price movement by comparing the sum of movements of the lower timeframe bars composing a chart bar with the respective bar's movement on an average basis. █ CONCEPTS Efficiency Ratio (ER) Efficiency Ratio was first introduced by Perry Kaufman in his 1995 book, titled "Smarter Trading". It is the ratio of absolute price change to the sum of absolute changes on each bar over a period. This tells us how strong the period's trend is relative to the underlying noise. Simply put, it's a measure of price movement efficiency. This ratio is the modulator utilized in Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), which is essentially an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) that adapts its responsiveness to movement efficiency. ER's output is bounded between 0 and 1. A value of 0 indicates that the starting price equals the ending price for the period, which suggests that price movement was maximally inefficient. A value of 1 indicates that price had travelled no more than the distance between the starting price and the ending price for the period, which suggests that price movement was maximally efficient. A value between 0 and 1 indicates that price had travelled a distance greater than the distance between the starting price and the ending price for the period. In other words, some degree of noise was present which resulted in reduced efficiency over the period. As an example, let's say that the price of an asset had moved from $15 to $14 by the end of a period, but the sum of absolute changes for each bar of data was $4. ER would be calculated like so: ER = abs(14 - 15)/4 = 0.25 This suggests that the trend was only 25% efficient over the period, as the total distanced travelled by price was four times what was required to achieve the change over the period. Intrabars Intrabars are chart bars at a lower timeframe than the chart's. Each 1H chart bar of a 24x7 market will, for example, usually contain 60 intrabars at the LTF of 1min, provided there was market activity during each minute of the hour. Mining information from intrabars can be useful in that it offers traders visibility on the activity inside a chart bar. Lower timeframes (LTFs) A lower timeframe is a timeframe that is smaller than the chart's timeframe. This script determines which LTF to use by examining the chart's timeframe. The LTF determines how many intrabars are examined for each chart bar; the lower the timeframe, the more intrabars are analyzed, but fewer chart bars can display indicator information because there is a limit to the total number of intrabars that can be analyzed. Intrabar precision The precision of calculations increases with the number of intrabars analyzed for each chart bar. As there is a 100K limit to the number of intrabars that can be analyzed by a script, a trade-off occurs between the number of intrabars analyzed per chart bar and the chart bars for which calculations are possible. Intrabar Efficiency Ratio (IER) Intrabar Efficiency Ratio applies the concept of ER on an intrabar level. Rather than comparing the overall change to the sum of bar changes for the current chart's timeframe over a period, IER compares single bar changes for the current chart's timeframe to the sum of absolute intrabar changes, then applies smoothing to the result. This gives an indication of how efficient changes are on the current chart's timeframe for each bar of data relative to LTF bar changes on an average basis. Unlike the standard ER calculation, we've opted to preserve directional information by not taking the absolute value of overall change, thus allowing it to be utilized as a momentum oscillator. However, by taking the absolute value of this oscillator, it could potentially serve as a replacement for ER in the design of adaptive moving averages. Since this indicator preserves directional information, IER can be regarded as similar to the Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) , which was presented in 1994 by Tushar Chande in "The New Technical Trader". Both CMO and ER essentially measure the same relationship between trend and noise. CMO simply differs in scale, and considers the direction of overall changes. █ FEATURES Display Three different display types are included within the script: • Line : Displays the middle length MA of the IER as a line . Color for this display can be customized via the "Line" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings. • Candles : Displays the non-smooth IER and two moving averages of different lengths as candles . The `open` and `close` of the candle are the longest and shortest length MAs of the IER respectively. The `high` and `low` of the candle are the max and min of the IER, longest length MA of the IER, and shortest length MA of the IER respectively. Colors for this display can be customized via the "Candles" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings. • Circles : Displays three MAs of the IER as circles . The color of each plot depends on the percent rank of the respective MA over the previous 100 bars. Different colors are triggered when ranks are below 10%, between 10% and 50%, between 50% and 90%, and above 90%. Colors for this display can be customized via the "Circles" portion of the "Visuals" section in the script settings. With either display type, an optional information box can be displayed. This box shows the LTF that the script is using, the average number of lower timeframe bars per chart bar, and the number of chart bars that contain LTF data. Specifying intrabar precision Ten options are included in the script to control the number of intrabars used per chart bar for calculations. The greater the number of intrabars per chart bar, the fewer chart bars can be analyzed. The first five options allow users to specify the approximate amount of chart bars to be covered: • Least Precise (Most chart bars) : Covers all chart bars by dividing the current timeframe by four. This ensures the highest level of intrabar precision while achieving complete coverage for the dataset. • Less Precise (Some chart bars) & More Precise (Less chart bars) : These options calculate a stepped LTF in relation to the current chart's timeframe. • Very precise (2min intrabars) : Uses the second highest quantity of intrabars possible with the 2min LTF. • Most precise (1min intrabars) : Uses the maximum quantity of intrabars possible with the 1min LTF. The stepped lower timeframe for "Less Precise" and "More Precise" options is calculated from the current chart's timeframe as follows: Chart Timeframe Lower Timeframe Less Precise More Precise < 1hr 1min 1min < 1D 15min 1min < 1W 2hr 30min > 1W 1D 60min The last five options allow users to specify an approximate fixed number of intrabars to analyze per chart bar. The available choices are 12, 24, 50, 100, and 250. The script will calculate the LTF which most closely approximates the specified number of intrabars per chart bar. Keep in mind that due to factors such as the length of a ticker's sessions and rounding of the LTF, it is not always possible to produce the exact number specified. However, the script will do its best to get as close to the value as possible. Specifying MA type Seven MA types are included in the script for different averaging effects: • Simple • Exponential • Wilder (RMA) • Weighted • Volume-Weighted • Arnaud Legoux with `offset` and `sigma` set to 0.85 and 6 respectively. • Hull Weighting This script includes the option to weight IER values based on the percent rank of absolute price changes on the current chart's timeframe over a specified period, which can be enabled by checking the "Weigh using relative close changes" option in the script settings. This places reduced emphasis on IER values from smaller changes, which may help to reduce noise in the output. █ FOR Pine Script™ CODERS • This script imports the recently published lower_ltf library for calculating intrabar statistics and the optimal lower timeframe in relation to the current chart's timeframe. • This script uses the recently released request.security_lower_tf() Pine Script™ function discussed in this blog post . It works differently from the usual request.security() in that it can only be used on LTFs, and it returns an array containing one value per intrabar. This makes it much easier for programmers to access intrabar information. • This script implements a new recommended best practice for tables which works faster and reduces memory consumption. Using this new method, tables are declared only once with var , as usual. Then, on the first bar only, we use table.cell() to populate the table. Finally, table.set_*() functions are used to update attributes of table cells on the last bar of the dataset. This greatly reduces the resources required to render tables. Look first. Then leap.

Pine Script® indicator

Updated

Oscillator Workbench — Chart [LucF]█ OVERVIEW This indicator uses an on-chart visual framework to help traders with the interpretation of any oscillator's behavior. The advantage of using this tool is that you do not need to know all the ins and outs of a particular oscillator such as RSI, CCI, Stochastic, etc. Your choice of oscillator and settings in this indicator will change its visuals, which allows you to evaluate different configurations in the context of how the workbench models oscillator behavior. My hope is that by using the workbench, you may come up with an oscillator selection and settings that produce visual cues you find useful in your trading. The workbench works on any symbol and timeframe. It uses the same presentation engine as my Delta Volume Channels indicator; those already familiar with it will feel right at home here. █ CONCEPTS Oscillators An oscillator is any signal that moves up and down a centerline. The centerline value is often zero or 50. Because the range of oscillator values is different than that of the symbol prices we look at on our charts, it is usually impossible to display an oscillator on the chart, so we typically put oscillators in a separate pane where they live in their own space. Each oscillator has its own profile and properties that dictate its behavior and interpretation. Oscillators can be bounded , meaning their values oscillate between fixed values such as 0 to 100 or +1 to -1, or unbounded when their maximum and minimum values are undefined. Oscillator weight How do you display an oscillator's value on a chart showing prices when both values are not on the same scale? The method I use here converts the oscillator's value into a percentage that is used to weigh a reference line. The weight of the oscillator is calculated by maintaining its highest and lowest value above and below its centerline since the beginning of the chart's history. The oscillator's relative position in either of those spaces is then converted to a percentage, yielding a positive or negative value depending on whether the oscillator is above or below its centerline. This method works equally well with bounded and unbounded oscillators. Oscillator Channel The oscillator channel is the space between two moving averages: the reference line and a weighted version of that line. The reference line is a moving average of a type, source and length which you select. The weighted line uses the same settings, but it averages the oscillator-weighted price source. The weight applied to the source of the reference line can also include the relative size of the bar's volume in relation to previous bars. The effect of this is that the oscillator's weight on bars with higher total volume will carry greater weight than those with lesser volume. The oscillator channel can be in one of four states, each having its corresponding color: • Bull (teal): The weighted line is above the reference line. • Strong bull (lime): The bull condition is fulfilled and the bar's close is above the reference line and both the reference and the weighted lines are rising. • Bear (maroon): The weighted line is below the reference line. • Strong bear (pink): The bear condition is fulfilled and the bar's close is below the reference line and both the reference and the weighted lines are falling. Divergences In the context of this indicator, a divergence is any bar where the slope of the reference line does not match that of the weighted line. No directional bias is assigned to divergences when they occur. You can also choose to define divergences as differences in polarity between the oscillator's slope and the polarity of close-to-close values. This indicator's divergences are designed to identify transition levels. They have no polarity; their bullish/bearish bias is determined by the behavior of price relative to the divergence channel after the divergence channel is built. Divergence Channel The divergence channel is the space between two levels (by default, the bar's low and high ) saved when divergences occur. When price has breached a channel and a new divergence occurs, a new channel is created. Until that new channel is breached, bars where additional divergences occur will expand the channel's levels if the bar's price points are outside the channel. Price breaches of the divergence channel will change its state. Divergence channels can be in one of five different states: • Bull (teal): Price has breached the channel to the upside. • Strong bull (lime): The bull condition is fulfilled and the oscillator channel is in the strong bull state. • Bear (maroon): Price has breached the channel to the downside. • Strong bear (pink): The bear condition is fulfilled and the oscillator channel is in the strong bear state. • Neutral (gray): The channel has not been breached. █ HOW TO USE THE INDICATOR Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). The default configuration displays: • The Divergence channel's levels. • Bar colors using the state of the oscillator channel. The default settings use: • RSI as the oscillator, using the close source and a length of 20 bars. • An Arnaud-Legoux moving average on the close and a length of 20 bars as the reference line. • The weighted version of the reference line uses only the oscillator's weight, i.e., without the relative volume's weight. The weighted line is capped to three standard deviations of the reference. • The divergence channel's levels are determined using the high and low of the bars where divergences occur. Breaches of the channel require a bar's low to move above the top of the channel, and the bar's high to move below the channel's bottom. No markers appear on the chart; if you want to create alerts from this script, you will need first to define the conditions that will trigger the markers, then create the alert, which will trigger on those same conditions. To learn more about how to use this indicator, you must understand the concepts it uses and the information it displays, which requires reading this description. There are no videos to explain it. █ FEATURES The script's inputs are divided in five sections: "Oscillator", "Oscillator channel", "Divergence channel", "Bar Coloring" and "Marker/Alert Conditions". Oscillator This is where you configure the oscillator you want to study. Thirty oscillators are available to choose from, but you can also use an oscillator from another indicator that is on your chart, if you want. When you select an external indicator's plot as the oscillator, you must also specify the value of its centerline. Oscillator Channel Here, you control the visibility and colors of the reference line, its weighted version, and the oscillator channel between them. You also specify what type of moving average you want to use as a reference line, its source and its length. This acts as the oscillator channel's baseline. The weighted line is also a moving average of the same type and length as the reference line, except that it will be calculated from the weighted version of the source used in the reference line. By default, the weighted line is capped to three standard deviations of the reference line. You can change that value, and also elect to cap using a multiple of ATR instead. The cap provides a mechanism to control how far the weighted line swings from the reference line. This section is also where you can enable the relative volume component of the weight. Divergence Channel This is where you control the appearance of the divergence channel and the key price values used in determining the channel's levels and breaching conditions. These choices have an impact on the behavior of the channel. More generous level prices like the default low and high selection will produce more conservative channels, as will the default choice for breach prices. In this section, you can also enable a mode where an attempt is made to estimate the channel's bias before price breaches the channel. When it is enabled, successive increases/decreases of the channel's top and bottom levels are counted as new divergences occur. When one count is greater than the other, a bull/bear bias is inferred from it. You can also change the detection mode of divergences, and choose to display a mark above or below bars where divergences occur. Bar Coloring You specify here: • The method used to color chart bars, if you choose to do so. • If you want to hollow out the bodies of bars where volume has not increased since the last bar. Marker/Alert Conditions Here, you specify the conditions that will trigger up or down markers. The trigger conditions can include a combination of state transitions of the oscillator and the divergence channels. The triggering conditions can be filtered using a variety of conditions. Configuring the marker conditions is necessary before creating an alert from this script, as the alert will use the marker conditions to trigger. Realtime values will repaint, as is usually the case with oscillators, but markers only appear on bar closes, so they will not repaint. Keep in mind, when looking at markers on historical bars, that they are positioned on the bar when it closes — NOT when it opens. Raw values The raw values calculated by this script can be inspected using the Data Window, including the oscillator's value and the weights. █ INTERPRETATION Except when mentioned otherwise, this section's charts use the indicator's default settings, with different visual components turned on or off. The aim of the oscillator channel is to provide a visual representation of an oscillator's general behavior. The simplest characteristic of the channel is its bull/bear state, determined by whether the weighted line is above or below the reference line. One can then distinguish between its bull and strong bull states, as transitions from strong bull to bull states will generally happen when trends are losing steam. While one should not infer a reversal from such transitions, they can be a good place to tighten stops. Only time will tell if a reversal will occur. One or more divergences will often occur before reversals. This shows the oscillator channel, with the reference line and the thicker, weighted line: The nature of the divergence channel 's design makes it particularly adept at identifying consolidation areas if its settings are kept on the conservative side. The divergence channel will also reveal transition areas. A gray divergence channel should usually be considered a no-trade zone. More adventurous traders can use the oscillator channel to orient their trade entries if they accept the risk of trading in a neutral divergence channel, which by definition will not have been breached by price. This show only the divergence channels: This chart shows divergence channels and their levels, and colors bars on divergences and on the state of the oscillator channel, which is not visible on the chart: If your charts are already busy with other stuff you want to hold on to, you could consider using only the chart bar coloring component of this indicator. Here we only color bars using the combined state of the oscillator and divergence channel, and we do not color the bodies of bars where volume has not increased. Note that my chart's settings do not color the candle bodies: At its simplest, one way to use this indicator would be to look for overlaps of the strong bull/bear colors in both the oscillator channel and a divergence channel, as these identify points where price is breaching the divergence channel when the oscillator's state is consistent with the direction of the breach. Tip One way to use the Workbench is to combine it with my Delta Volume Channels indicator. If both indicators use the same MA as a reference line, you can display its delta volume channel instead of the oscillator channel. This chart shows such a setup. The Workbench displays its divergence levels, the weighted reference line using the default RSI oscillator, and colors bars on divergences. The DV Channels indicator only displays its delta volume channel, which uses the same MA as the workbench for its baseline. This way you can ascertain the volume delta situation in contrast with the visuals of the Workbench: █ LIMITATIONS • For some of the oscillators, assumptions are made concerning their different parameters when they are more complex than just a source and length. See the `oscCalc()` function in this indicator's code for all the details, and ask me in a comment if you can't find the information you need. • When an oscillator using volume is selected and no volume information is available for the chart's symbol, an error will occur. • The method I use to convert an oscillator's value into a percentage is fragile in the early history of datasets because of the nascent expression of the oscillator's range during those early bars. █ NOTES Working with this workbench This indicator is called a workbench for a reason; it is designed for traders interested in exploring its behavior with different oscillators and settings, in the hope they can come up with a setup that suits their trading methodology. I cannot tell you which setup is the best because its setup should be compatible with your trading methodology, which may require faster or slower transitions, thus different configurations of the settings affecting the calculations of the divergence channels. For Pine Script™ Coders • This script uses the new overload of the fill() function which now makes it possible to do vertical gradients in Pine. I use it for both channels displayed by this script. • I use the new arguments for plot() 's `display` parameter to control where the script plots some of its values, namely those I only want to appear in the script's status line and in the Data Window. • I used my ta library for some of the oscillator calculations and helper functions. • I also used TradingView's ta library for other oscillator calculations. • I wrote my script using the revised recommendations in the Style Guide from the Pine v5 User Manual.

Pine Script® indicator

Updated

CVD - Cumulative Volume Delta Candles █ OVERVIEW This indicator displays cumulative volume delta in candle form. It uses intrabar information to obtain more precise volume delta information than methods using only the chart's timeframe. █ CONCEPTS Bar polarity By bar polarity , we mean the direction of a bar, which is determined by looking at the bar's close vs its open . Intrabars Intrabars are chart bars at a lower timeframe than the chart's. Each 1H chart bar of a 24x7 market will, for example, usually contain 60 bars at the lower timeframe of 1min, provided there was market activity during each minute of the hour. Mining information from intrabars can be useful in that it offers traders visibility on the activity inside a chart bar. Lower timeframes (LTFs) A lower timeframe is a timeframe that is smaller than the chart's timeframe. This script uses a LTF to access intrabars. The lower the LTF, the more intrabars are analyzed, but the less chart bars can display CVD information because there is a limit to the total number of intrabars that can be analyzed. Volume delta The volume delta concept divides a bar's volume in "up" and "down" volumes. The delta is calculated by subtracting down volume from up volume. Many calculation techniques exist to isolate up and down volume within a bar. The simplest techniques use the polarity of interbar price changes to assign their volume to up or down slots, e.g., On Balance Volume or the Klinger Oscillator . Others such as Chaikin Money Flow use assumptions based on a bar's OHLC values. The most precise calculation method uses tick data and assigns the volume of each tick to the up or down slot depending on whether the transaction occurs at the bid or ask price. While this technique is ideal, it requires huge amounts of data on historical bars, which usually limits the historical depth of charts and the number of symbols for which tick data is available. This indicator uses intrabar analysis to achieve a compromise between the simplest and most precise methods of calculating volume delta. In the context where historical tick data is not yet available on TradingView, intrabar analysis is the most precise technique to calculate volume delta on historical bars on our charts. Our Volume Profile indicators use it. Other volume delta indicators in our Community Scripts such as the Realtime 5D Profile use realtime chart updates to achieve more precise volume delta calculations, but that method cannot be used on historical bars, so those indicators only work in real time. This is the logic we use to assign intrabar volume to up or down slots: • If the intrabar's open and close values are different, their relative position is used. • If the intrabar's open and close values are the same, the difference between the intrabar's close and the previous intrabar's close is used. • As a last resort, when there is no movement during an intrabar and it closes at the same price as the previous intrabar, the last known polarity is used. Once all intrabars making up a chart bar have been analyzed and the up or down property of each intrabar's volume determined, the up volumes are added and the down volumes subtracted. The resulting value is volume delta for that chart bar. █ FEATURES CVD Candles Cumulative Volume Delta Candles present volume delta information as it evolves during a period of time. This is how each candle's levels are calculated: • open : Each candle's' open level is the cumulative volume delta for the current period at the start of the bar. This value becomes zero on the first candle following a CVD reset. The candles after the first one always open where the previous candle closed. The candle's high, low and close levels are then calculated by adding or subtracting a volume value to the open. • high : The highest volume delta value found in intrabars. If it is not higher than the volume delta for the bar, then that candle will have no upper wick. • low : The lowest volume delta value found in intrabars. If it is not lower than the volume delta for the bar, then that candle will have no lower wick. • close : The aggregated volume delta for all intrabars. If volume delta is positive for the chart bar, then the candle's close will be higher than its open, and vice versa. The candles are plotted in one of two configurable colors, depending on the polarity of volume delta for the bar. CVD resets The "cumulative" part of the indicator's name stems from the fact that calculations accumulate during a period of time. This allows you to analyze the progression of volume delta across manageable chunks, which is often more useful than looking at volume delta cumulated from the beginning of a chart's history. You can configure the reset period using the "CVD Resets" input, which offers the following selections: • None : Calculations do not reset. • On a fixed higher timeframe : Calculations reset on the higher timeframe you select in the "Fixed higher timeframe" field. • At a fixed time that you specify. • At the beginning of the regular session . • On a stepped higher timeframe : Calculations reset on a higher timeframe automatically stepped using the chart's timeframe and following these rules: Chart TF HTF < 1min 1H < 3H 1D <= 12H 1W < 1W 1M >= 1W 1Y The indicator's background shows where resets occur. Intrabar precision The precision of calculations increases with the number of intrabars analyzed for each chart bar. It is controlled through the script's "Intrabar precision" input, which offers the following selections: • Least precise, covering many chart bars • Less precise, covering some chart bars • More precise, covering less chart bars • Most precise, 1min intrabars As there is a limit to the number of intrabars that can be analyzed by a script, a tradeoff occurs between the number of intrabars analyzed per chart bar and the chart bars for which calculations are possible. Total volume candles You can choose to display candles showing the total intrabar volume for the chart bar. This provides you with more context to evaluate a bar's volume delta by showing it relative to the sum of intrabar volume. Note that because of the reasons explained in the "NOTES" section further down, the total volume is the sum of all intrabar volume rather than the volume of the bar at the chart's timeframe. Total volume candles can be configured with their own up and down colors. You can also control the opacity of their bodies to make them more or less prominent. This publication's chart shows the indicator with total volume candles. They are turned off by default, so you will need to choose to display them in the script's inputs for them to plot. Divergences Divergences occur when the polarity of volume delta does not match that of the chart bar. You can identify divergences by coloring the CVD candles differently for them, or by coloring the indicator's background. Information box An information box in the lower-left corner of the indicator displays the HTF used for resets, the LTF used for intrabars, and the average quantity of intrabars per chart bar. You can hide the box using the script's inputs. █ INTERPRETATION The first thing to look at when analyzing CVD candles is the side of the zero line they are on, as this tells you if CVD is generally bullish or bearish. Next, one should consider the relative position of successive candles, just as you would with a price chart. Are successive candles trending up, down, or stagnating? Keep in mind that whatever trend you identify must be considered in the context of where it appears with regards to the zero line; an uptrend in a negative CVD (below the zero line) may not be as powerful as one taking place in positive CVD values, but it may also predate a movement into positive CVD territory. The same goes with stagnation; a trader in a long position will find stagnation in positive CVD territory less worrisome than stagnation under the zero line. After consideration of the bigger picture, one can drill down into the details. Exactly what you are looking for in markets will, of course, depend on your trading methodology, but you may find it useful to: • Evaluate volume delta for the bar in relation to price movement for that bar. • Evaluate the proportion that volume delta represents of total volume. • Notice divergences and if the chart's candle shape confirms a hesitation point, as a Doji would. • Evaluate if the progress of CVD candles correlates with that of chart bars. • Analyze the wicks. As with price candles, long wicks tend to indicate weakness. Always keep in mind that unless you have chosen not to reset it, your CVD resets for each period, whether it is fixed or automatically stepped. Consequently, any trend from the preceding period must re-establish itself in the next. █ NOTES Know your volume Traders using volume information should understand the volume data they are using: where it originates and what transactions it includes, as this can vary with instruments, sectors, exchanges, timeframes, and between historical and realtime bars. The information used to build a chart's bars and display volume comes from data providers (exchanges, brokers, etc.) who often maintain distinct feeds for intraday and end-of-day (EOD) timeframes. How volume data is assembled for the two feeds depends on how instruments are traded in that sector and/or the volume reporting policy for each feed. Instruments from crypto and forex markets, for example, will often display similar volume on both feeds. Stocks will often display variations because block trades or other types of trades may not be included in their intraday volume data. Futures will also typically display variations. Note that as intraday vs EOD variations exist for historical bars on some instruments, differences may also exist between the realtime feeds used on intraday vs 1D or greater timeframes for those same assets. Realtime reporting rules will often be different from historical feed reporting rules, so variations between realtime feeds will often be different from the variations between historical feeds for the same instrument. The Volume X-ray indicator can help you analyze differences between intraday and EOD volumes for the instruments you trade. If every unit of volume is both bought by a buyer and sold by a seller, how can volume delta make sense? Traders who do not understand the mechanics of matching engines (the exchange software that matches orders from buyers and sellers) sometimes argue that the concept of volume delta is flawed, as every unit of volume is both bought and sold. While they are rigorously correct in stating that every unit of volume is both bought and sold, they overlook the fact that information can be mined by analyzing variations in the price of successive ticks, or in our case, intrabars. Our calculations model the situation where, in fully automated order handling, market orders are generally matched to limit orders sitting in the order book. Buy market orders are matched to quotes at the ask level and sell market orders are matched to quotes at the bid level. As explained earlier, we use the same logic when comparing intrabar prices. While using intrabar analysis does not produce results as precise as when individual transactions — or ticks — are analyzed, results are much more precise than those of methods using only chart prices. Not only does the concept underlying volume delta make sense, it provides a window on an oft-overlooked variable which, with price and time, is the only basic information representing market activity. Furthermore, because the calculation of volume delta also uses price and time variations, one could conceivably surmise that it can provide a more complete model than ones using price and time only. Whether or not volume delta can be useful in your trading practice, as usual, is for you to decide, as each trader's methodology is different. For Pine Script™ coders As our latest Polarity Divergences publication, this script uses the recently released request.security_lower_tf() Pine Script™ function discussed in this blog post . It works differently from the usual request.security() in that it can only be used at LTFs, and it returns an array containing one value per intrabar. This makes it much easier for programmers to access intrabar information. Look first. Then leap.

Pine Script® indicator

Updated

LeoLibrary Library "LeoLibrary" A collection of custom tools & utility functions commonly used with my scripts getDecimals() Calculates how many decimals are on the quote price of the current market Returns: The current decimal places on the market quote price truncate(float, float) Truncates (cuts) excess decimal places Parameters: float : _number The number to truncate float : _decimalPlaces (default=2) The number of decimal places to truncate to Returns: The given _number truncated to the given _decimalPlaces toWhole(float) Converts pips into whole numbers Parameters: float : _number The pip number to convert into a whole number Returns: The converted number toPips(float) Converts whole numbers back into pips Parameters: float : _number The whole number to convert into pips Returns: The converted number av_getPositionSize(float, float, float, float) Calculates OANDA forex position size for AutoView based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _balance The account balance to use float : _risk The risk percentage amount (as a whole number - eg. 1 = 1% risk) float : _stopPoints The stop loss distance in POINTS (not pips) float : _conversionRate The conversion rate of our account balance currency Returns: The calculated position size (in units - only compatible with OANDA) getMA(int, string) Gets a Moving Average based on type Parameters: int : _length The MA period string : _maType The type of MA Returns: A moving average with the given parameters getEAP(float) Performs EAP stop loss size calculation (eg. ATR >= 20.0 and ATR < 30, returns 20) Parameters: float : _atr The given ATR to base the EAP SL calculation on Returns: The EAP SL converted ATR size barsAboveMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are above the MA Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to check Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are above the MA barsBelowMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are below the MA Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to reference Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are below the EMA barsCrossedMA(int, float) Counts how many times the EMA was crossed recently Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to reference Returns: The bar count of how many times price recently crossed the EMA getPullbackBarCount(int, int) Counts how many green & red bars have printed recently (ie. pullback count) Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over int : _direction The color of the bar to count (1 = Green, -1 = Red) Returns: The bar count of how many candles have retraced over the given lookback & direction getBodySize() Gets the current candle's body size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's body size in POINTS getTopWickSize() Gets the current candle's top wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's top wick size in POINTS getBottomWickSize() Gets the current candle's bottom wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's bottom wick size in POINTS getBodyPercent() Gets the current candle's body size as a percentage of its entire size including its wicks Returns: The current candle's body size percentage isHammer(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a hammer candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be green? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a hammer candle isStar(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a shooting star candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be red? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a shooting star candle isDoji(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a doji candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _wickSize (default=2) The maximum top wick size compared to the bottom (and vice versa) bool : _bodySize (default=0.05) The maximum body size as a percentage compared to the entire candle size Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a doji candle isBullishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bullish engulfing candle Parameters: float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps) float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well? Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bullish engulfing candle isBearishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bearish engulfing candle Parameters: float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps) float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well? Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bearish engulfing candle timeFilter(string, bool) Determines if the current price bar falls inside the specified session Parameters: string : _sess The session to check bool : _useFilter (default=false) Whether or not to actually use this filter Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given time session dateFilter(int, int) Determines if this bar's time falls within date filter range Parameters: int : _startTime The UNIX date timestamp to begin searching from int : _endTime the UNIX date timestamp to stop searching from Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates dayFilter(bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool) Checks if the current bar's day is in the list of given days to analyze Parameters: bool : _monday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _tuesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _wednesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _thursday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _friday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _saturday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _sunday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's day is one of the given days atrFilter(float, float) Checks the current bar's size against the given ATR and max size Parameters: float : _atr (default=ATR 14 period) The given ATR to check float : _maxSize The maximum ATR multiplier of the current candle Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's size is less than or equal to _atr x _maxSize fillCell(table, int, int, string, string, color, color) This updates the given table's cell with the given values Parameters: table : _table The table ID to update int : _column The column to update int : _row The row to update string : _title The title of this cell string : _value The value of this cell color : _bgcolor The background color of this cell color : _txtcolor The text color of this cell Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates

Pine Script® library

ZenLibrary Library "ZenLibrary" A collection of custom tools & utility functions commonly used with my scripts. getDecimals() Calculates how many decimals are on the quote price of the current market Returns: The current decimal places on the market quote price truncate(float, float) Truncates (cuts) excess decimal places Parameters: float : _number The number to truncate float : _decimalPlaces (default=2) The number of decimal places to truncate to Returns: The given _number truncated to the given _decimalPlaces toWhole(float) Converts pips into whole numbers Parameters: float : _number The pip number to convert into a whole number Returns: The converted number toPips(float) Converts whole numbers back into pips Parameters: float : _number The whole number to convert into pips Returns: The converted number av_getPositionSize(float, float, float, float) Calculates OANDA forex position size for AutoView based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _balance The account balance to use float : _risk The risk percentage amount (as a whole number - eg. 1 = 1% risk) float : _stopPoints The stop loss distance in POINTS (not pips) float : _conversionRate The conversion rate of our account balance currency Returns: The calculated position size (in units - only compatible with OANDA) getMA(int, string) Gets a Moving Average based on type Parameters: int : _length The MA period string : _maType The type of MA Returns: A moving average with the given parameters getEAP(float) Performs EAP stop loss size calculation (eg. ATR >= 20.0 and ATR < 30, returns 20) Parameters: float : _atr The given ATR to base the EAP SL calculation on Returns: The EAP SL converted ATR size barsAboveMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are above the MA Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to check Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are above the MA barsBelowMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are below the MA Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to reference Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are below the EMA barsCrossedMA(int, float) Counts how many times the EMA was crossed recently Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over float : _ma The moving average to reference Returns: The bar count of how many times price recently crossed the EMA getPullbackBarCount(int, int) Counts how many green & red bars have printed recently (ie. pullback count) Parameters: int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over int : _direction The color of the bar to count (1 = Green, -1 = Red) Returns: The bar count of how many candles have retraced over the given lookback & direction getBodySize() Gets the current candle's body size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's body size in POINTS getTopWickSize() Gets the current candle's top wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's top wick size in POINTS getBottomWickSize() Gets the current candle's bottom wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips) Returns: The current candle's bottom wick size in POINTS getBodyPercent() Gets the current candle's body size as a percentage of its entire size including its wicks Returns: The current candle's body size percentage isHammer(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a hammer candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be green? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a hammer candle isStar(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a shooting star candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be red? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a shooting star candle isDoji(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a doji candle based on the given parameters Parameters: float : _wickSize (default=2) The maximum top wick size compared to the bottom (and vice versa) bool : _bodySize (default=0.05) The maximum body size as a percentage compared to the entire candle size Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a doji candle isBullishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bullish engulfing candle Parameters: float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps) float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well? Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bullish engulfing candle isBearishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bearish engulfing candle Parameters: float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps) float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well? Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bearish engulfing candle timeFilter(string, bool) Determines if the current price bar falls inside the specified session Parameters: string : _sess The session to check bool : _useFilter (default=false) Whether or not to actually use this filter Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given time session dateFilter(int, int) Determines if this bar's time falls within date filter range Parameters: int : _startTime The UNIX date timestamp to begin searching from int : _endTime the UNIX date timestamp to stop searching from Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates dayFilter(bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool) Checks if the current bar's day is in the list of given days to analyze Parameters: bool : _monday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _tuesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _wednesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _thursday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _friday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _saturday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) bool : _sunday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false) Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's day is one of the given days atrFilter(float, float) Checks the current bar's size against the given ATR and max size Parameters: float : _atr (default=ATR 14 period) The given ATR to check float : _maxSize The maximum ATR multiplier of the current candle Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's size is less than or equal to _atr x _maxSize fillCell(table, int, int, string, string, color, color) This updates the given table's cell with the given values Parameters: table : _table The table ID to update int : _column The column to update int : _row The row to update string : _title The title of this cell string : _value The value of this cell color : _bgcolor The background color of this cell color : _txtcolor The text color of this cell Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates

Pine Script® library

by ZenAndTheArtOfTrading

Updated

VPA ANALYSIS VPA Analysis provide the indications for various conditions as per the Volume Spread Analysis concept. The various legends are provided below LEGEND DETAILS UT1 - Upthrust Bar: This will be widespread Bar on high Volume closing on the low. This normally happens after an up move. Here the smart money move the price to the High and then quickly brings to the Low trapping many retail trader who rushed into in order not to miss the bullish move. This is a bearish Signal UT2 -Upthrust Bar Confirmation: A widespread Down Bar following a Upthrust Bar. This confirms the weakness of the Upthrust Bar. Expect the stock to move down Confirms . This is a Bearish Signal PUT - Pseudo Upthrust: An Upthrust Bar in bar action but the volume remains average. This still indicates weakness. Indicate Possible Bearishness PUC -Pseudo Upthrust Confirmation: widespread Bar after a pseudo–Upthrust Bar confirms the weakness of the Pseudo Upthrust Bar Confirms Bearishness BC - Buying Climax: A very wide Spread bar on ultra-High Volume closing at the top. Such a Bar indicates the climatic move in an uptrend. This Bar traps many retailers as the uptrend ends and reverses quickly. Confirms Bearishness TC - Trend Change: This Indicates a possible Trend Change in an uptrend. Indicates Weakness SEC- Sell Condition: This bar indicates confluence of some bearish signals. Possible end of Uptrend and start of Downtrend soon. Bearish Signal UT - Upthrust Condition: When multiple bearish signals occur, the legend is printed in two lines. The Legend “UT” indicates that an upthrust condition is present. Bearish Signal ND - No demand in uptrend: This bar indicates that there is no demand. In an uptrend this indicates weakness. Bearish Signal ND - No Demand: This bar indicates that there is no demand. This can occur in any part of the Trend. In all place other than in an uptrend this just indicates just weakness ED - Effort to Move Down: Widespread Bar closing down on High volume or above average volume . The smart money is pushing the prices down. Bearish Signal EDF - Effort to Move Down Failed: Widespread / above average spread Bar closing up on High volume or above average volume appearing after ‘Effort to move down” bar. This indicates that the Effort to move the pries down has failed. Bullish signal SV - Stopping Volume: A high volume medium to widespread Bar closing in the upper middle part in a down trend indicates that smart money is buying. This is an indication that the down trend is likely to end soon. Indicates strength ST1 - Strength Returning 1: Strength seen returning after a down trend. High volume adds to strength. Indicates Strength ST2 - Strength Returning 2: Strength seen returning after a down trend. High volume adds to strength. BYC - Buy Condition: This bar indicates confluence of some bullish signals Possible end of downtrend and start of uptrend soon. Indicates Strength EU - Effort to Move Up: Widespread Bar closing up on High volume or above average volume . The smart money is pushing the prices up. Bullish Signal EUF - Effort to Move Up Failed: Widespread / above average spread Bar closing down on High volume or above average volume appearing after ‘Effort to move up” bar. This indicates that the Effort to move the pries up has failed. Bearish Signal LVT- Low Volume Test: A low volume bar dipping into previous supply area and closing in the upper part of the Bar. A successful test is a positive sign. Indicates Strength ST(after a LVT ) - Strength after Successful Low Volume Test: An up Bar closing near High after a Test confirms strength. Bullish Signal RUT - Reverse Upthrust Bar: This will be a widespread Bar on high Volume closing on the high is a Down Trend. Here the buyers have become active and move the prices from the low to High. The down Move is likely to end and up trend likely to start soon. indicates Strength NS - No supply Bar: This bar indicates that there is no supply. This is a sign of strength especially in a down trend. Indicates strength ST - Strength Returns: When multiple bullish signals occur, the legend is printed in two lines. The Legend “ST” indicates that an condition of strength other than the condition mentioned in the second line is present. Bullish Signals BAR COLORS Green- Bullish / Strength Red - Bearish / weakness Blue / White - Sentiment Changing from bullish to Bearish and Vice Versa

Pine Script® indicator

by karthikmarar

Trendlines & SR Zones It's a comprehensive indicator (Pine Script v6) that represents two powerful technical analysis tools: automatic trendline detection based on pivot points and volume delta analysis with support/resistance zone identification. This overlay indicator helps traders identify potential trend directions and key price levels where significant buying or selling pressure has occurred. Features: = 1. Price Trendlines The indicator automatically identifies and draws trendlines based on pivot points, creating dynamic support and resistance levels. Key Components: Pivot Detection: Uses configurable left and right bars to identify significant pivot highs and lows Trendline Filtering: Only draws downward-sloping resistance trendlines and upward-sloping support trendlines Zone Creation: Creates filled zones around trendlines based on average price volatility Automatic Management: Maintains only the 3 most recent significant trendlines to avoid chart clutter Customization Options: Left/Right Bars for Pivot: Adjust sensitivity of pivot detection (default: 10 bars each side) Extension Length: Control how far trendlines extend past the second pivot (default: 50 bars) Average Body Periods: Set the lookback period for volatility calculation (default: 100) Tolerance Multiplier: Adjust the width of the trendline zones (default: 1.0) Color Customization: Separate colors for high (resistance) and low (support) trendlines and their fills 2. Volume Delta % Bars The indicator analyzes volume distribution across price levels to identify significant supply and demand zones. Key Components: Volume Profile Analysis: Divides the price range into rows and calculates volume delta at each level Delta Visualization: Displays horizontal bars showing the percentage difference between buying and selling volume Zone Identification: Automatically identifies the most significant supply and demand zones Visual Integration: Connects volume delta bars with corresponding support/resistance zones on the price chart Customization Options: Lookback Period: Set the number of bars to analyze for volume (default: 200) Price Rows: Control the granularity of the volume analysis (default: 50 rows) Delta Sections: Adjust the number of horizontal delta bars displayed (default: 20) Panel Appearance: Customize width, position, and direction of the delta panel Zone Settings: Control the number of supply/demand zones and their extension (default: 3 zones) How It Works- Trendline Logic: The script continuously scans for pivot highs and lows based on the specified left and right bars When a pivot is detected, it creates a horizontal line at that price level The script then looks for the previous pivot of the same type (high or low) It connects these pivots with a trendline, extending it based on the user-specified setting A parallel line is created to form a zone, with the distance based on average price volatility The script filters out invalid trendlines (upward-sloping resistance and downward-sloping support). Only the 3 most recent trendlines are maintained to prevent chart clutter Volume Delta Logic: The script divides the price range over the lookback period into the specified number of rows For each bar in the lookback period, it categorizes volume as bullish (close > open) or bearish (close < open). This volume is assigned to the appropriate price level based on the HLC3 price. The price levels are grouped into sections, and the net delta (bullish - bearish volume) is calculated for each Horizontal bars are drawn to represent these delta percentages. The most significant positive and negative deltas are identified and displayed as support and resistance zones. These zones are extended to the left on the price chart and connected to the delta panel with dotted lines. Ideal Timeframes: The indicator is versatile and can be used across multiple timeframes, but it performs optimally on specific timeframes depending on your trading style: For Day Trading: Optimal Timeframes: 15-minute to 1-hour charts Why: These timeframes provide a good balance between noise reduction and sufficient volume data. The volume delta analysis is particularly effective on these timeframes as it captures intraday accumulation/distribution patterns while the trendlines remain reliable enough for intraday trading decisions. For Swing Trading: Optimal Timeframes: 1-hour to 4-hour charts Why: These timeframes offer the best combination of reliable trendline formation and meaningful volume analysis. The trendlines on these timeframes are less prone to whipsaws, while the volume delta analysis captures multi-day trading sessions and institutional activity. For Position Trading: Optimal Timeframes: Daily and weekly charts Why: On these higher timeframes, trendlines become extremely reliable as they represent significant market structure points. The volume delta analysis reveals longer-term accumulation and distribution patterns that can define major support and resistance zones for weeks or months. Timeframe-Specific Adjustments: Lower Timeframes (1-15 minutes): Reduce left/right bars for pivots (5-8 bars) Decrease lookback period for volume delta (50-100 bars) Increase tolerance multiplier (1.2-1.5) to account for higher volatility Higher Timeframes (Daily+): Increase left/right bars for pivots (15-20 bars) Extend lookback period for volume delta (300-500 bars) Consider increasing the number of price rows (70-100) for more detailed volume analysis Usage Guidelines- For Trendline Analysis: Use the trendlines as dynamic support and resistance levels Price reactions at these levels can indicate potential trend continuation or reversal points The filled zones around trendlines represent areas of price volatility or uncertainty Consider the slope of the trendline as an indication of trend strength For Volume Delta Analysis: The horizontal delta bars show where buying or selling pressure has been concentrated Green bars indicate areas where buying volume exceeded selling volume (demand) Red bars indicate areas where selling volume exceeded buying volume (supply) The highlighted supply and demand zones on the price chart represent significant price levels These zones can act as future support or resistance areas as price revisits them Customization Tips: Trendline Sensitivity: Decrease left/right bars values to detect more pivots (more sensitive) or increase them for fewer, more significant pivots Zone Width: Adjust the tolerance multiplier to make trendline zones wider or narrower based on your trading style Volume Analysis: Increase the lookback period for a longer-term volume profile or decrease it for more recent activity Visual Clarity: Adjust colors and transparency settings to match your chart theme and preferences Conclusion: This indicator provides traders with a comprehensive view of both trend dynamics and volume-based support/resistance levels. With these two analytical approaches, the indicator offers valuable insights for identifying potential entry and exit points, trend strength, and key price levels where significant market activity has occurred. The extensive customization options allow traders to adapt the indicator to various trading styles and timeframes, with optimal performance on 15-minute to daily charts depending on their trading horizon. Chart Attached: NSE HINDZINC, EoD 12/12/25 DISCLAIMER: This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not be considered financial, investment, or trading advice. Please do boost if you like it. Happy Trading.

Pine Script® indicator

by kingshukghosh71

Updated

Chop + MSS/FVG Retest (Ace v1.6) – Indicator What this indicator does Name: Chop + MSS/FVG Retest (Ace v1.6) – Indicator This is an entry model helper, not just a BOS/MSS marker. It looks for clean trend-side setups by combining: MSS (Market Structure Shift) using swing highs/lows 3-bar ICT Fair Value Gaps (FVG) First retest back into the FVG A built-in chop / trend filter based on ATR and a moving average When everything lines up, it plots: L below the candle = Long candidate S above the candle = Short candidate You pair this with a higher-timeframe filter (like the Chop Meter 1H/30M/15M) to avoid pressing the button in garbage environments. How it works (simple explanation) Chop / Trend filter Computes ATR and compares each bar’s range to ATR. If the bar is small vs ATR → more likely CHOP. If the bar is big vs ATR → more likely TREND. Uses a moving average: Above MA + TREND → trendLong zone Below MA + TREND → trendShort zone MSS (Market Structure Shift) Uses swing highs/lows (left/right bars) to track the last significant high/low. Bullish MSS: close breaks above last swing high with displacement. Bearish MSS: close breaks below last swing low with displacement. Those events are marked as tiny triangles (MSS up/down). A MSS only stays “valid” for a certain number of bars (Bars after MSS allowed). 3-bar ICT FVG Bullish FVG: low > high → gap between bar 3 high and bar 2 low. Bearish FVG: high < low → gap between bar 3 low and bar 2 high. The indicator stores the FVG boundaries (top/bottom). Retest of FVG Watches for price to trade back into that gap (first touch). That retest is the “entry zone” after the MSS. Final Long / Short condition Long (L) prints when: Recent bullish MSS Bullish FVG has formed Price retests the bullish FVG Environment = trendLong (ATR + above MA) Not CHOP Short (S) prints when: Recent bearish MSS Bearish FVG has formed Price retests the bearish FVG Environment = trendShort (ATR + below MA) Not CHOP So the L/S markers are “model-approved entry candles”, not just any random BOS. Inputs / Settings Key inputs you’ll see: ATR length (chop filter) How many bars to use for ATR in the chop / trend filter. Lower = more sensitive, twitchy Higher = smoother, slower to change Max chop ratio If barRange / ATR is below this → treat as CHOP. Min trend ratio If barRange / ATR is above this → treat as TREND. Hide MSS/BOS marks in CHOP? ON = MSS triangles disappear when the bar is classified as CHOP Keeps your chart cleaner in consolidation Swing left / right bars Controls how tight or wide the swing highs/lows are for MSS: Smaller = more sensitive, more MSS points Larger = fewer, more significant swings Bars after MSS allowed How many bars after a MSS the indicator will still allow FVG entries. Small value (e.g. 10) = MSS must deliver quickly or it’s ignored. Larger (e.g. 20) = MSS idea stays “in play” longer. Visual RR (for info only) Just for plotting relative risk-reward in your head. This is not a strategy tester; it doesn’t manage positions. What you see on the chart Small green triangle up = Bullish MSS Small red triangle down = Bearish MSS “L” triangle below a bar = Long idea (MSS + FVG retest + trendLong + not chop) “S” triangle above a bar = Short idea (MSS + FVG retest + trendShort + not chop) Faint circle plots on price: When the filter sees CHOP When it sees Trend Long zone When it sees Trend Short zone You do not have to trade every L or S. They’re there to show “this is where the model would have considered an entry.” How to use it in your trading 1. Use it with a higher-timeframe filter Best practice: Use this with the Chop Meter 1H/30M/15M or some other HTF filter. Only consider L/S when: Chop Meter = TRADE / NORMAL, and This indicator prints L or S in the right location (premium/discount, near OB/FVG, etc.) If higher-timeframe says NO TRADE, you ignore all L/S. 2. Location > Signal Treat L/S as confirmation, not the whole story. For shorts (S): Look for premium zones (previous highs, OBs, fair value ranges above mid). Want purge / raid of liquidity + MSS down + bearish FVG retest → then S. For longs (L): Look for discount zones (previous lows, OBs/FVGs below mid). Want stop raid / purge low + MSS up + bullish FVG retest → then L. If you see L/S firing in the middle of a bigger range, that’s where you skip and let it go. 3. Instrument presets (example) You can tune the ATR/chop settings per instrument: MNQ (noisy, 1m chart): ATR length: 21 Max chop ratio: 0.90 Min trend ratio: 1.40 Bars after MSS allowed: 10 GOLD (cleaner, 3m chart): ATR length: 14 Max chop ratio: 0.80 Min trend ratio: 1.30 Bars after MSS allowed: 20 You can save those as presets in the TV settings for quick switching. 4. How to practice with it Open replay on a couple of days. Check Chop Meter → if NO TRADE, just observe. When Chop Meter says TRADE: Mark where L/S printed. Ask: Was this in premium/discount? Was there SMT / purge on HTF? Did the move actually deliver, or did it die? Screenshot the A+ L/S and the ugly ones; refine: ATR length Chop / trend thresholds MSS lookback Your goal is to get it to where: The L/S marks show up mostly in the same places your eye already likes, and you ignore the rest.

Pine Script® indicator

by TIMEANDPRICEPR

Pinbar MTF - No Repaint # Pinbar MTF - No Repaint Indicator ## Complete Technical Documentation --- ## 📊 Overview **Pinbar MTF (Multi-Timeframe) - No Repaint** is a professional-grade TradingView Pine Script indicator designed to detect high-probability pinbar reversal patterns with advanced filtering systems. The indicator is specifically engineered to be **100% non-repainting**, making it reliable for both live trading and backtesting. ### Key Features ✅ **Non-Repainting** - Signals only appear AFTER bar closes, never disappear ✅ **Three-Layer Filter System** - ATR, SWING, and RSI filters ✅ **Automatic SL/TP Calculation** - Based on risk:reward ratios ✅ **Real-time Alerts** - TradingView notifications for all signals ✅ **Visual Trade Management** - Lines, labels, and areas for entries, stops, and targets ✅ **Backtesting Ready** - Reliable historical data for strategy testing --- ## 🎯 What is a Pinbar? A **Pinbar (Pin Bar/Pinocchio Bar)** is a single candlestick pattern that indicates a potential price reversal: ### Bullish Pinbar (BUY Signal) - **Long lower wick** (rejection of lower prices) - **Small body at the top** of the candle - Shows buyers rejected sellers' attempt to push price down - Forms at support levels or swing lows - Entry signal for LONG positions ### Bearish Pinbar (SELL Signal) - **Long upper wick** (rejection of higher prices) - **Small body at the bottom** of the candle - Shows sellers rejected buyers' attempt to push price up - Forms at resistance levels or swing highs - Entry signal for SHORT positions --- ## 🔧 How the Indicator Works ### 1. **Pinbar Detection Logic** The indicator analyzes the **previous closed bar ** to identify pinbar patterns: ``` Bullish Pinbar Requirements: - Lower wick > 72% of total candle range (adjustable) - Upper wick < 28% of total candle range - Close > Open (bullish candle body) Bearish Pinbar Requirements: - Upper wick > 72% of total candle range (adjustable) - Lower wick < 28% of total candle range - Close < Open (bearish candle body) ``` **Why check ?** By analyzing the previous completed bar, we ensure the pattern is fully formed and won't change, preventing repainting. --- ### 2. **Three-Layer Filter System** #### 🔍 **Filter #1: ATR (Average True Range) Filter** - **Purpose**: Ensures the pinbar has significant size - **Function**: Only signals if pinbar range ≥ ATR value - **Benefit**: Filters out small, insignificant pinbars - **Settings**: - Enable/Disable toggle - ATR Period (default: 7) **Example**: If ATR = 50 pips, only pinbars with 50+ pip range will signal. --- #### 🔍 **Filter #2: SWING Filter** (Always Active) - **Purpose**: Confirms pinbar forms at swing highs/lows - **Function**: Validates the pinbar is an absolute high/low - **Benefit**: Identifies true reversal points - **Settings**: - Swing Candles (default: 3) **How it works**: - For bullish pinbar: Checks if low is lowest of past 3 bars - For bearish pinbar: Checks if high is highest of past 3 bars **Example**: With 3 swing candles, a bullish pinbar must have the lowest low among the last 3 bars. --- #### 🔍 **Filter #3: RSI (Relative Strength Index) Filter** - **Purpose**: Confirms momentum conditions - **Function**: Prevents signals in extreme momentum zones - **Benefit**: Avoids counter-trend trades - **Settings**: - Enable/Disable toggle - RSI Period (default: 7) - RSI Source (Close, Open, High, Low, HL2, HLC3, OHLC4) - Overbought Level (default: 70) - Oversold Level (default: 30) **Logic**: - Bullish Pinbar: Only signals if RSI < 70 (not overbought) - Bearish Pinbar: Only signals if RSI > 30 (not oversold) --- ### 3. **Stop Loss Calculation** Two methods available: #### Method A: ATR-Based Stop Loss (Recommended) ``` Bullish Pinbar: SL = Pinbar Low - (1 × ATR) Bearish Pinbar: SL = Pinbar High + (1 × ATR) ``` **Benefit**: Dynamic stops that adapt to market volatility #### Method B: Fixed Pips Stop Loss ``` Bullish Pinbar: SL = Pinbar Low - (Fixed Pips) Bearish Pinbar: SL = Pinbar High + (Fixed Pips) ``` **Settings**: - Calculate Stop with ATR (toggle) - Stop Pips without ATR (default: 5) --- ### 4. **Take Profit Calculation** Take Profit is calculated based on Risk:Reward ratio: ``` Bullish Trade: TP = Entry + (Entry - SL) × Risk:Reward Ratio Bearish Trade: TP = Entry - (SL - Entry) × Risk:Reward Ratio ``` **Example**: - Entry: 1.2000 - SL: 1.1950 (50 pip risk) - RR: 2:1 - TP: 1.2100 (100 pip reward = 50 × 2) **Settings**: - Risk:Reward Ratio (default: 1.0, range: 0.1 to 10.0) --- ## 📈 Visual Elements ### On-Chart Displays 1. **Signal Markers** - 🟢 **Green Triangle Up** = Bullish Pinbar (BUY) - 🔴 **Red Triangle Down** = Bearish Pinbar (SELL) - Placed directly on the pinbar candle 2. **Entry Labels** - Green "BUY" label with entry price - Red "SELL" label with entry price - Shows exact entry level 3. **Stop Loss Lines** - 🔴 Red horizontal line - "SL" label - Extends 20 bars forward 4. **Take Profit Lines** - 🟢 Green horizontal line - "TP" label - Extends 20 bars forward 5. **Risk/Reward Areas** (Optional) - Red shaded box = Risk zone (Entry to SL) - Green shaded box = Reward zone (Entry to TP) - Visual risk:reward visualization 6. **Info Table** (Top Right) - Displays current settings - Shows filter status (ON/OFF) - Real-time RSI value - Quick reference panel --- ## 🔔 Alert System Three alert types available: ### 1. Combined Alert: "Pinbar Signal (Any Direction)" - Fires for BOTH bullish and bearish pinbars - **Best for**: General monitoring - **Message**: "Pinbar Signal Detected on {TICKER} at {PRICE}" ### 2. Bullish Alert: "Bullish Pinbar Alert" - Fires ONLY for BUY signals - **Best for**: Long-only strategies - **Message**: "BUY Signal on {TICKER} at {PRICE}" ### 3. Bearish Alert: "Bearish Pinbar Alert" - Fires ONLY for SELL signals - **Best for**: Short-only strategies - **Message**: "SELL Signal on {TICKER} at {PRICE}" --- ## ⚙️ Input Parameters Reference ### **Filters Group** | Parameter | Default | Range | Description | |-----------|---------|-------|-------------| | ATR Filter on Pinbar Range? | ✅ ON | Boolean | Enable/disable ATR filter | | ATR Period | 7 | 1+ | Lookback period for ATR calculation | | Swing Candles | 3 | 1+ | Bars to check for swing high/low | | RSI Filter on Pinbar? | ❌ OFF | Boolean | Enable/disable RSI filter | | RSI Period | 7 | 2+ | Lookback period for RSI calculation | | RSI Source | Close | Multiple | Price data for RSI (Close/Open/High/Low/etc) | | RSI Overbought Level | 70 | 50-100 | Upper threshold for RSI filter | | RSI Oversold Level | 30 | 0-50 | Lower threshold for RSI filter | ### **Pinbar Detection Group** | Parameter | Default | Range | Description | |-----------|---------|-------|-------------| | Shadow % vs Body | 72 | 50-95 | Minimum wick size as % of total range | ### **Visualization Group** | Parameter | Default | Range | Description | |-----------|---------|-------|-------------| | Show SL and TP Lines? | ✅ ON | Boolean | Display stop loss and take profit lines | | Show SL and TP Area? | ❌ OFF | Boolean | Show shaded risk/reward boxes | ### **Risk Management Group** | Parameter | Default | Range | Description | |-----------|---------|-------|-------------| | Risk:Reward Ratio | 1.0 | 0.1-10.0 | Target profit vs risk (1.0 = 1:1, 2.0 = 1:2) | | Calculate Stop with ATR? | ✅ ON | Boolean | Use ATR for stop calculation | | Stop Pips without ATR | 5 | 1+ | Fixed pip stop when ATR disabled | --- ## 🚫 Non-Repainting Architecture ### What is Repainting? **Repainting** occurs when an indicator's historical signals differ from what appeared in real-time. This makes backtesting unreliable and can lead to false confidence in a strategy. ### How This Indicator Prevents Repainting 1. **Closed Bar Analysis** - All calculations use ` ` offset (previous bar) - Only analyzes COMPLETED candles - Signals appear on the bar AFTER the pinbar closes 2. **Confirmed Swing Points** - Waits for sufficient bar history before signaling - Only checks historical bars that cannot change - Prevents premature swing detection 3. **Static Alert Timing** - Alerts fire only after bar completion - No conditional logic that changes historically - Same results in replay mode and live trading ### Verification Method To verify non-repainting behavior: 1. Apply indicator to chart 2. Note signal locations and prices 3. Refresh browser / reload chart 4. **Signals remain in exact same locations** --- ## 💼 Trading Strategy Guidelines ### Entry Rules **For Bullish Pinbar (LONG):** 1. Wait for green triangle to appear 2. Enter at close of pinbar (shown in label) 3. Alternative: Enter on break of pinbar high 4. Place stop loss at red SL line 5. Set target at green TP line **For Bearish Pinbar (SHORT):** 1. Wait for red triangle to appear 2. Enter at close of pinbar (shown in label) 3. Alternative: Enter on break of pinbar low 4. Place stop loss at red SL line 5. Set target at green TP line ### Risk Management - **Position Sizing**: Risk only 1-2% of account per trade - **Stop Loss**: Always use the calculated SL (never move it wider) - **Take Profit**: Use calculated TP or trail stop after 1:1 RR - **Multiple Timeframes**: Confirm signals on higher timeframe ### Best Practices ✅ **DO:** - Wait for bar to close before entering - Trade in direction of higher timeframe trend - Use on liquid markets with clear support/resistance - Combine with price action analysis - Keep a trading journal ❌ **DON'T:** - Enter before bar closes (prevents seeing full pattern) - Trade against strong trends - Ignore the filters (they improve win rate) - Risk more than 2% per trade - Trade every signal (be selective) --- ## 📊 Backtesting & Data Export ### Available Data Points The indicator exports these values for strategy development: | Output | Description | |--------|-------------| | Bullish Signal | 1 = BUY signal, 0 = No signal | | Bearish Signal | 1 = SELL signal, 0 = No signal | | Bull SL | Stop loss level for long trades | | Bull TP | Take profit level for long trades | | Bull Entry | Entry price for long trades | | Bear SL | Stop loss level for short trades | | Bear TP | Take profit level for short trades | | Bear Entry | Entry price for short trades | ### How to Use in Strategy These values can be accessed by Pine Script strategies using: ```pine indicator_values = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, timeframe.period, ) ``` --- ## 🎓 Understanding the Filters ### Why Use Multiple Filters? Single-indicator systems often generate too many false signals. This indicator uses a **confluence approach**: 1. **Pinbar Pattern** = Price rejection detected 2. **+ SWING Filter** = Rejection at key level 3. **+ ATR Filter** = Significant move 4. **+ RSI Filter** = Favorable momentum **Result**: Higher probability setups with better risk:reward ### Filter Optimization **Conservative Settings** (Fewer, Higher Quality Signals): - ATR Filter: ON - Swing Candles: 5 - RSI Filter: ON - Shadow %: 75% **Aggressive Settings** (More Signals, More Noise): - ATR Filter: OFF - Swing Candles: 2 - RSI Filter: OFF - Shadow %: 65% **Balanced Settings** (Recommended): - ATR Filter: ON - Swing Candles: 3 - RSI Filter: OFF (or ON for trending markets) - Shadow %: 72% --- ## 🔍 Troubleshooting ### "No Signals Appearing" **Possible Causes:** 1. Filters are too strict 2. No pinbars forming on chart 3. Insufficient bar history **Solutions:** - Reduce Shadow % to 65% - Reduce Swing Candles to 2 - Disable ATR or RSI filters temporarily - Check that chart has enough data loaded ### "Too Many Signals" **Solutions:** - Enable ATR filter - Increase Swing Candles to 4-5 - Enable RSI filter - Increase Shadow % to 75-80% ### "Signals Appearing Late" **This is normal behavior!** The indicator: - Analyzes previous closed bar - Signals appear on the bar AFTER the pinbar - This is what prevents repainting - Signal latency is 1 bar (by design) --- ## 📝 Technical Specifications **Indicator Type:** Overlay (displays on price chart) **Pine Script Version:** 5 **Max Labels:** 500 **Max Lines:** 500 **Repainting:** None (100% non-repainting) **Data Window Values:** 8 exported values **Alert Types:** 3 (Combined, Bullish, Bearish) **Performance:** - Lightweight script (fast execution) - Works on all timeframes - Compatible with all markets (Forex, Crypto, Stocks, Futures) - No data snooping bias --- ## 🎯 Use Cases ### 1. **Swing Trading** - Timeframe: Daily, 4H - Filter Settings: All enabled - Best for: Catching major reversals ### 2. **Day Trading** - Timeframe: 15m, 1H - Filter Settings: ATR + SWING only - Best for: Intraday reversals ### 3. **Scalping** - Timeframe: 5m, 15m - Filter Settings: SWING only (aggressive) - Best for: Quick reversals (requires experience) ### 4. **Position Trading** - Timeframe: Weekly, Daily - Filter Settings: All enabled + high RR (2:1 or 3:1) - Best for: Long-term trend reversal catches --- ## 🏆 Advantages Over Other Pinbar Indicators ✅ **Guaranteed Non-Repainting** - Many pinbar indicators repaint; this one never does ✅ **Automatic SL/TP** - No manual calculation needed ✅ **Multi-Layer Filtering** - Reduces false signals significantly ✅ **Visual Trade Management** - Clear entry, stop, and target levels ✅ **Flexible Configuration** - Adaptable to any trading style ✅ **Alert System** - Never miss a setup ✅ **Backtesting Ready** - Reliable historical data ✅ **Professional Grade** - Suitable for live trading --- ## 📚 Educational Resources ### Recommended Reading on Pinbars - "The Pin Bar Trading Strategy" by Nial Fuller - "Price Action Trading" by Al Brooks - TradingView Education: Price Action Patterns ### Practice Recommendations 1. Paper trade signals for 20+ trades before live trading 2. Backtest on different timeframes and markets 3. Keep detailed records of all trades 4. Analyze winning vs losing setups 5. Refine filter settings based on results --- ## ⚖️ Disclaimer This indicator is a tool for technical analysis and does not guarantee profits. Trading involves substantial risk of loss. Past performance is not indicative of future results. - Always use proper risk management - Never risk more than you can afford to lose - Consider your trading experience and objectives - Seek independent financial advice if needed --- ## 📧 Version Information **Current Version:** 1.0 **Last Updated:** 2024 **Compatibility:** TradingView Pine Script v5 **Status:** Production Ready --- ## 🔄 Future Enhancements (Potential) Possible future additions: - Multi-timeframe confirmation option - Volume filter integration - Customizable color schemes - Win rate statistics display - Partial profit taking levels - Trailing stop functionality --- ## 📖 Quick Start Guide ### 5-Minute Setup 1. **Add to Chart** - Open TradingView - Go to Pine Editor - Paste the code - Click "Add to Chart" 2. **Configure Settings** - Open indicator settings (gear icon) - Start with default settings - Enable "Show SL and TP Lines" 3. **Set Alert** - Right-click indicator name - Click "Add Alert" - Select "Pinbar Signal (Any Direction)" - Configure notification method 4. **Test** - Scroll back on chart - Verify signals make sense - Check that signals don't repaint 5. **Trade** (After Practice!) - Wait for alert - Verify signal quality - Enter, place SL/TP - Manage trade --- ## 🎯 Final Thoughts The **Pinbar MTF - No Repaint** indicator is designed for serious traders who value: - **Reliability** over flashy signals - **Quality** over quantity - **Honesty** over false promises This indicator will NOT: - Make you rich overnight - Win every trade - Replace proper trading education This indicator WILL: - Identify high-probability reversal setups - Save you analysis time - Provide consistent, non-repainting signals - Help you develop a systematic trading approach **Success in trading comes from:** 1. Proper education (60%) 2. Risk management (30%) 3. Technical tools like this indicator (10%) Use this tool as part of a complete trading plan, not as a standalone solution.

Pine Script® indicator

Historical Matrix Analyzer [PhenLabs]📊Historical Matrix Analyzer Version: PineScriptv6 📌Description The Historical Matrix Analyzer is an advanced probabilistic trading tool that transforms technical analysis into a data-driven decision support system. By creating a comprehensive 56-cell matrix that tracks every combination of RSI states and multi-indicator conditions, this indicator reveals which market patterns have historically led to profitable outcomes and which have not. At its core, the indicator continuously monitors seven distinct RSI states (ranging from Extreme Oversold to Extreme Overbought) and eight unique indicator combinations (MACD direction, volume levels, and price momentum). For each of these 56 possible market states, the system calculates average forward returns, win rates, and occurrence counts based on your configurable lookback period. The result is a color-coded probability matrix that shows you exactly where you stand in the historical performance landscape. The standout feature is the Current State Panel, which provides instant clarity on your active market conditions. This panel displays signal strength classifications (from Strong Bullish to Strong Bearish), the average return percentage for similar past occurrences, an estimated win rate using Bayesian smoothing to prevent small-sample distortions, and a confidence level indicator that warns you when insufficient data exists for reliable conclusions. 🚀Points of Innovation Multi-dimensional state classification combining 7 RSI levels with 8 indicator combinations for 56 unique trackable market conditions Bayesian win rate estimation with adjustable smoothing strength to provide stable probability estimates even with limited historical samples Real-time active cell highlighting with “NOW” marker that visually connects current market conditions to their historical performance data Configurable color intensity sensitivity allowing traders to adjust heat-map responsiveness from conservative to aggressive visual feedback Dual-panel display system separating the comprehensive statistics matrix from an easy-to-read current state summary panel Intelligent confidence scoring that automatically warns traders when occurrence counts fall below reliable thresholds 🔧Core Components RSI State Classification: Segments RSI readings into 7 distinct zones (Extreme Oversold <20, Oversold 20-30, Weak 30-40, Neutral 40-60, Strong 60-70, Overbought 70-80, Extreme Overbought >80) to capture momentum extremes and transitions Multi-Indicator Condition Tracking: Simultaneously monitors MACD crossover status (bullish/bearish), volume relative to moving average (high/low), and price direction (rising/falling) creating 8 binary-encoded combinations Historical Data Storage Arrays: Maintains rolling lookback windows storing RSI states, indicator states, prices, and bar indices for precise forward-return calculations Forward Performance Calculator: Measures price changes over configurable forward bar periods (1-20 bars) from each historical state, accumulating total returns and win counts per matrix cell Bayesian Smoothing Engine: Applies statistical prior assumptions (default 50% win rate) weighted by user-defined strength parameter to stabilize estimated win rates when sample sizes are small Dynamic Color Mapping System: Converts average returns into color-coded heat map with intensity adjusted by sensitivity parameter and transparency modified by confidence levels 🔥Key Features 56-Cell Probability Matrix: Comprehensive grid displaying every possible combination of RSI state and indicator condition, with each cell showing average return percentage, estimated win rate, and occurrence count for complete statistical visibility Current State Info Panel: Dedicated display showing your exact position in the matrix with signal strength emoji indicators, numerical statistics, and color-coded confidence warnings for immediate situational awareness Customizable Lookback Period: Adjustable historical window from 50 to 500 bars allowing traders to focus on recent market behavior or capture longer-term pattern stability across different market cycles Configurable Forward Performance Window: Select target holding periods from 1 to 20 bars ahead to align probability calculations with your trading timeframe, whether day trading or swing trading Visual Heat Mapping: Color-coded cells transition from red (bearish historical performance) through gray (neutral) to green (bullish performance) with intensity reflecting statistical significance and occurrence frequency Intelligent Data Filtering: Minimum occurrence threshold (1-10) removes unreliable patterns with insufficient historical samples, displaying gray warning colors for low-confidence cells Flexible Layout Options: Independent positioning of statistics matrix and info panel to any screen corner, accommodating different chart layouts and personal preferences Tooltip Details: Hover over any matrix cell to see full RSI label, complete indicator status description, precise average return, estimated win rate, and total occurrence count 🎨Visualization Statistics Matrix Table: A 9-column by 8-row grid with RSI states labeling vertical axis and indicator combinations on horizontal axis, using compact abbreviations (XOverS, OverB, MACD↑, Vol↓, P↑) for space efficiency Active Cell Indicator: The current market state cell displays “⦿ NOW ⦿” in yellow text with enhanced color saturation to immediately draw attention to relevant historical performance Signal Strength Visualization: Info panel uses emoji indicators (🔥 Strong Bullish, ✅ Bullish, ↗️ Weak Bullish, ➖ Neutral, ↘️ Weak Bearish, ⛔ Bearish, ❄️ Strong Bearish, ⚠️ Insufficient Data) for rapid interpretation Histogram Plot: Below the price chart, a green/red histogram displays the current cell’s average return percentage, providing a time-series view of how historical performance changes as market conditions evolve Color Intensity Scaling: Cell background transparency and saturation dynamically adjust based on both the magnitude of average returns and the occurrence count, ensuring visual emphasis on reliable patterns Confidence Level Display: Info panel bottom row shows “High Confidence” (green), “Medium Confidence” (orange), or “Low Confidence” (red) based on occurrence counts relative to minimum threshold multipliers 📖Usage Guidelines RSI Period Default: 14 Range: 1 to unlimited Description: Controls the lookback period for RSI momentum calculation. Standard 14-period provides widely-recognized overbought/oversold levels. Decrease for faster, more sensitive RSI reactions suitable for scalping. Increase (21, 28) for smoother, longer-term momentum assessment in swing trading. Changes affect how quickly the indicator moves between the 7 RSI state classifications. MACD Fast Length Default: 12 Range: 1 to unlimited Description: Sets the faster exponential moving average for MACD calculation. Standard 12-period setting works well for daily charts and captures short-term momentum shifts. Decreasing creates more responsive MACD crossovers but increases false signals. Increasing smooths out noise but delays signal generation, affecting the bullish/bearish indicator state classification. MACD Slow Length Default: 26 Range: 1 to unlimited Description: Defines the slower exponential moving average for MACD calculation. Traditional 26-period setting balances trend identification with responsiveness. Must be greater than Fast Length. Wider spread between fast and slow increases MACD sensitivity to trend changes, impacting the frequency of indicator state transitions in the matrix. MACD Signal Length Default: 9 Range: 1 to unlimited Description: Smoothing period for the MACD signal line that triggers bullish/bearish state changes. Standard 9-period provides reliable crossover signals. Shorter values create more frequent state changes and earlier signals but with more whipsaws. Longer values produce more confirmed, stable signals but with increased lag in detecting momentum shifts. Volume MA Period Default: 20 Range: 1 to unlimited Description: Lookback period for volume moving average used to classify volume as “high” or “low” in indicator state combinations. 20-period default captures typical monthly trading patterns. Shorter periods (10-15) make volume classification more reactive to recent spikes. Longer periods (30-50) require more sustained volume changes to trigger state classification shifts. Statistics Lookback Period Default: 200 Range: 50 to 500 Description: Number of historical bars used to calculate matrix statistics. 200 bars provides substantial data for reliable patterns while remaining responsive to regime changes. Lower values (50-100) emphasize recent market behavior and adapt quickly but may produce volatile statistics. Higher values (300-500) capture long-term patterns with stable statistics but slower adaptation to changing market dynamics. Forward Performance Bars Default: 5 Range: 1 to 20 Description: Number of bars ahead used to calculate forward returns from each historical state occurrence. 5-bar default suits intraday to short-term swing trading (5 hours on hourly charts, 1 week on daily charts). Lower values (1-3) target short-term momentum trades. Higher values (10-20) align with position trading and longer-term pattern exploitation. Color Intensity Sensitivity Default: 2.0 Range: 0.5 to 5.0, step 0.5 Description: Amplifies or dampens the color intensity response to average return magnitudes in the matrix heat map. 2.0 default provides balanced visual emphasis. Lower values (0.5-1.0) create subtle coloring requiring larger returns for full saturation, useful for volatile instruments. Higher values (3.0-5.0) produce vivid colors from smaller returns, highlighting subtle edges in range-bound markets. Minimum Occurrences for Coloring Default: 3 Range: 1 to 10 Description: Required minimum sample size before applying color-coded performance to matrix cells. Cells with fewer occurrences display gray “insufficient data” warning. 3-occurrence default filters out rare patterns. Lower threshold (1-2) shows more data but includes unreliable single-event statistics. Higher thresholds (5-10) ensure only well-established patterns receive visual emphasis. Table Position Default: top_right Options: top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right Description: Screen location for the 56-cell statistics matrix table. Position to avoid overlapping critical price action or other indicators on your chart. Consider chart orientation and candlestick density when selecting optimal placement. Show Current State Panel Default: true Options: true, false Description: Toggle visibility of the dedicated current state information panel. When enabled, displays signal strength, RSI value, indicator status, average return, estimated win rate, and confidence level for active market conditions. Disable to declutter charts when only the matrix table is needed. Info Panel Position Default: bottom_left Options: top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right Description: Screen location for the current state information panel (when enabled). Position independently from statistics matrix to optimize chart real estate. Typically placed opposite the matrix table for balanced visual layout. Win Rate Smoothing Strength Default: 5 Range: 1 to 20 Description: Controls Bayesian prior weighting for estimated win rate calculations. Acts as virtual sample size assuming 50% win rate baseline. Default 5 provides moderate smoothing preventing extreme win rate estimates from small samples. Lower values (1-3) reduce smoothing effect, allowing win rates to reflect raw data more directly. Higher values (10-20) increase conservatism, pulling win rate estimates toward 50% until substantial evidence accumulates. ✅Best Use Cases Pattern-based discretionary trading where you want historical confirmation before entering setups that “look good” based on current technical alignment Swing trading with holding periods matching your forward performance bar setting, using high-confidence bullish cells as entry filters Risk assessment and position sizing, allocating larger size to trades originating from cells with strong positive average returns and high estimated win rates Market regime identification by observing which RSI states and indicator combinations are currently producing the most reliable historical patterns Backtesting validation by comparing your manual strategy signals against the historical performance of the corresponding matrix cells Educational tool for developing intuition about which technical condition combinations have actually worked versus those that feel right but lack historical evidence ⚠️Limitations Historical patterns do not guarantee future performance, especially during unprecedented market events or regime changes not represented in the lookback period Small sample sizes (low occurrence counts) produce unreliable statistics despite Bayesian smoothing, requiring caution when acting on low-confidence cells Matrix statistics lag behind rapidly changing market conditions, as the lookback period must accumulate new state occurrences before updating performance data Forward return calculations use fixed bar periods that may not align with actual trade exit timing, support/resistance levels, or volatility-adjusted profit targets 💡What Makes This Unique Multi-Dimensional State Space: Unlike single-indicator tools, simultaneously tracks 56 distinct market condition combinations providing granular pattern resolution unavailable in traditional technical analysis Bayesian Statistical Rigor: Implements proper probabilistic smoothing to prevent overconfidence from limited data, a critical feature missing from most pattern recognition tools Real-Time Contextual Feedback: The “NOW” marker and dedicated info panel instantly connect current market conditions to their historical performance profile, eliminating guesswork Transparent Occurrence Counts: Displays sample sizes directly in each cell, allowing traders to judge statistical reliability themselves rather than hiding data quality issues Fully Customizable Analysis Window: Complete control over lookback depth and forward return horizons lets traders align the tool precisely with their trading timeframe and strategy requirements 🔬How It Works 1. State Classification and Encoding Each bar’s RSI value is evaluated and assigned to one of 7 discrete states based on threshold levels (0: <20, 1: 20-30, 2: 30-40, 3: 40-60, 4: 60-70, 5: 70-80, 6: >80) Simultaneously, three binary conditions are evaluated: MACD line position relative to signal line, current volume relative to its moving average, and current close relative to previous close These three binary conditions are combined into a single indicator state integer (0-7) using binary encoding, creating 8 possible indicator combinations The RSI state and indicator state are stored together, defining one of 56 possible market condition cells in the matrix 2. Historical Data Accumulation As each bar completes, the current state classification, closing price, and bar index are stored in rolling arrays maintained at the size specified by the lookback period When the arrays reach capacity, the oldest data point is removed and the newest added, creating a sliding historical window This continuous process builds a comprehensive database of past market conditions and their subsequent price movements 3. Forward Return Calculation and Statistics Update On each bar, the indicator looks back through the stored historical data to find bars where sufficient forward bars exist to measure outcomes For each historical occurrence, the price change from that bar to the bar N periods ahead (where N is the forward performance bars setting) is calculated as a percentage return This percentage return is added to the cumulative return total for the specific matrix cell corresponding to that historical bar’s state classification Occurrence counts are incremented, and wins are tallied for positive returns, building comprehensive statistics for each of the 56 cells The Bayesian smoothing formula combines these raw statistics with prior assumptions (neutral 50% win rate) weighted by the smoothing strength parameter to produce estimated win rates that remain stable even with small samples 💡Note: The Historical Matrix Analyzer is designed as a decision support tool, not a standalone trading system. Best results come from using it to validate discretionary trade ideas or filter systematic strategy signals. Always combine matrix insights with proper risk management, position sizing rules, and awareness of broader market context. The estimated win rate feature uses Bayesian statistics specifically to prevent false confidence from limited data, but no amount of smoothing can create reliable predictions from fundamentally insufficient sample sizes. Focus on high-confidence cells (green-colored confidence indicators) with occurrence counts well above your minimum threshold for the most actionable insights.

Pine Script® indicator

Relative Strength Index Remastered [CHE]Relative Strength Index Remastered — Enhanced RSI with robust divergence detection using price-based pivots and line-of-sight validation to reduce false signals compared to the standard RSI indicator. Summary RSI Remastered builds on the classic Relative Strength Index by adding a more reliable divergence detection system that relies on price pivots rather than RSI pivots alone, incorporating a line-of-sight check to ensure the RSI path between points remains clear. This approach filters out many false divergences that occur in the original RSI indicator due to its volatile pivot detection on the RSI line itself. Users benefit from clearer reversal and continuation signals, especially in noisy markets, with optional hidden divergence support for trend confirmation. The core RSI calculation and smoothing options remain familiar, but the divergence logic provides materially fewer alerts while maintaining sensitivity. Motivation: Why this design? The standard RSI indicator often generates misleading divergence signals because it detects pivots directly on the RSI values, which can fluctuate erratically in volatile conditions, leading to frequent false positives that confuse traders during ranging or choppy price action. RSI Remastered addresses this by shifting pivot detection to the underlying price highs and lows, which are more stable, and adding a validation step that confirms the RSI line does not cross the direct path between pivot points. This design targets the real problem of over-signaling in the original, promoting more actionable insights without altering the RSI's core momentum measurement. What’s different vs. standard approaches? - Reference baseline: The classical TradingView RSI indicator, which uses simple RSI-based pivot detection for divergences. - Architecture differences: - Pivot identification on price extremes (highs and lows) instead of RSI values, extracting RSI levels at those points for comparison. - Addition of a line-of-sight validation that checks the RSI path bar by bar between pivots to prevent signals where the line is interrupted. - Inclusion of hidden divergence types alongside regular ones, using the same robust framework. - Configurable drawing of connecting lines between validated pivot RSI points for visual clarity. - Practical effect: Charts show fewer but higher-quality divergence markers and lines, reducing clutter from the original's frequent RSI pivot triggers; this matters for avoiding whipsaws in intraday trading, where the standard version might flag dozens of invalid setups per session. Key Comparison Aspects Aspect: Title/Shorttitle Original RSI: "Relative Strength Index" / "RSI" Robust Variant: "Relative Strength Index Remastered " / "RSI RM" Aspect: Max. Lines/Labels Original RSI: No specification (Standard: 50/50) Robust Variant: max_lines_count=200, max_labels_count=200 (for more lines/markers in divergences) Aspect: RSI Calculation & Plots Original RSI: Identical: RSI with RMA, Plots (line, bands, gradient fills) Robust Variant: Identical: RSI with RMA, Plots (line, bands, gradient fills) Aspect: Smoothing (MA) Original RSI: Identical: Inputs for MA types (SMA, EMA etc.), Bollinger Bands optional Robust Variant: Identical: Inputs for MA types (SMA, EMA etc.), Bollinger Bands optional Aspect: Divergence Activation Original RSI: input.bool(false, "Calculate Divergence") (disabled by default) Robust Variant: input.bool(true, "Calculate Divergence") (enabled by default, with tooltip) Aspect: Pivot Calculation Original RSI: Pivots on RSI (ta.pivotlow/high on RSI values) Robust Variant: Pivots on price (ta.pivotlow/high on low/high), RSI values then extracted Aspect: Lookback Values Original RSI: Fixed: lookbackLeft=5, lookbackRight=5 Robust Variant: Input: L=5 (Pivot Left), R=5 (Pivot Right), adjustable (min=1, max=50) Aspect: Range Between Pivots Original RSI: Fixed: rangeUpper=60, rangeLower=5 (via _inRange function) Robust Variant: Input: rangeUpper=60 (Max Bars), rangeLower=5 (Min Bars), adjustable (min=1–6, max=100–300) Aspect: Divergence Types Original RSI: Only Regular Bullish/Bearish: - Bull: Price LL + RSI HL - Bear: Price HH + RSI LH Robust Variant: Regular + Hidden (optional via showHidden=true): - Regular Bull: Price LL + RSI HL - Regular Bear: Price HH + RSI LH - Hidden Bull: Price HL + RSI LL - Hidden Bear: Price LH + RSI HH Aspect: Validation Original RSI: No additional check (only pivot + range check) Robust Variant: Line-of-Sight Check: RSI line must not cross the connecting line between pivots (line_clear function with slope calculation and loop for each bar in between) Aspect: Signals (Plots/Shapes) Original RSI: - Plot of pivot points (if divergence) - Shapes: "Bull"/"Bear" at RSI value, offset=-5 Robust Variant: - No pivot plots, instead shapes at RSI , offset=-R (adjustable) - Shapes: "Bull"/"Bear" (Regular), "HBull"/"HBear" (Hidden) - Colors: Lime/Red (Regular), Teal/Orange (Hidden) Aspect: Line Drawing Original RSI: No lines Robust Variant: Optional (showLines=true): Lines between RSI pivots (thick for regular, dashed/thin for hidden), extend=none Aspect: Alerts Original RSI: Only Regular Bullish/Bearish (with pivot lookback reference) Robust Variant: Regular Bullish/Bearish + Hidden Bullish/Bearish (specific "at latest pivot low/high") Aspect: Robustness Original RSI: Simple, prone to false signals (RSI pivots can be volatile) Robust Variant: Higher: Price pivots are more stable, line-of-sight filters "broken" divergences, hidden support for trend continuations Aspect: Code Length/Structure Original RSI: ~100 lines, simple if-blocks for bull/bear Robust Variant: ~150 lines, extended helper functions (e.g., inRange, line_clear), var group for inputs How it works (technical) The indicator first computes the core RSI value based on recent price changes, separating upward and downward movements over the specified length and smoothing them to derive a momentum reading scaled between zero and one hundred. This value is then plotted in a separate pane with fixed upper and lower reference lines at seventy and thirty, along with optional gradient fills to highlight overbought and oversold zones. For smoothing, a moving average type is applied to the RSI if enabled, with an option to add bands around it based on the variability of recent RSI values scaled by a multiplier. Divergence detection activates on confirmed price pivots: lows for bullish checks and highs for bearish. At each new pivot, the system retrieves the bar index and values (price and RSI) for the current and prior pivot, ensuring they fall within a configurable bar range to avoid unrelated points. Comparisons then assess whether the price has made a lower low (or higher high) while the RSI at those points moves in the opposite direction—higher for bullish regular, lower for bearish regular. For hidden types, the directions reverse to capture trend strength. The line-of-sight check calculates the straight path between the two RSI points and verifies that the actual RSI values in between stay entirely above (for bullish) or below (for bearish) that path, breaking the signal if any bar violates it. Valid signals trigger shapes at the RSI level of the new pivot and optional lines connecting the points. Initialization uses built-in functions to track prior occurrences, with states persisting across bars for accurate historical comparisons. No higher timeframe data is used, so confirmation occurs after the right pivot bars close, minimizing live-bar repaints. Parameter Guide Length — Controls the period for measuring price momentum changes — Default: 14 — Trade-offs/Tips: Shorter values increase responsiveness but add noise and more false signals; longer smooths trends but delays entries in fast markets. Source — Selects the price input for RSI calculation — Default: Close — Trade-offs/Tips: Use high or low for volatility focus, but close works best for most assets; mismatches can skew overbought/oversold reads. Calculate Divergence — Enables the enhanced divergence logic — Default: True — Trade-offs/Tips: Disable for pure RSI view to save computation; essential for signal reliability over the standard method. Type (Smoothing) — Chooses the moving average applied to RSI — Default: SMA — Trade-offs/Tips: None for raw RSI; EMA for quicker adaptation, but SMA reduces whipsaws; Bollinger Bands option adds volatility context at cost of added lines. Length (Smoothing) — Period for the smoothing average — Default: 14 — Trade-offs/Tips: Match RSI length for consistency; shorter boosts signal speed but amplifies noise in the smoothed line. BB StdDev — Multiplier for band width around smoothed RSI — Default: 2.0 — Trade-offs/Tips: Lower narrows bands for tighter signals, risking more touches; higher widens for fewer but stronger breakouts. Pivot Left — Bars to the left for confirming price pivots — Default: 5 — Trade-offs/Tips: Increase for stricter pivots in noisy data, reducing signals; too high delays confirmation excessively. Pivot Right — Bars to the right for confirming price pivots — Default: 5 — Trade-offs/Tips: Balances with left for symmetry; longer right ensures maturity but shifts signals backward. Max Bars Between Pivots — Upper limit on distance for valid pivot pairs — Default: 60 — Trade-offs/Tips: Tighten for short-term trades to focus recent action; widen for swing setups but risks unrelated comparisons. Min Bars Between Pivots — Lower limit to avoid clustered pivots — Default: 5 — Trade-offs/Tips: Raise to filter micro-moves; too low invites overlapping signals like the original RSI. Detect Hidden — Includes trend-continuation hidden types — Default: True — Trade-offs/Tips: Enable for full trend analysis; disable simplifies to reversals only, akin to basic RSI. Draw Lines — Shows connecting lines between valid pivots — Default: True — Trade-offs/Tips: Turn off for cleaner charts; helps visually confirm line-of-sight in backtests. Reading & Interpretation The main RSI line oscillates between zero and one hundred, crossing above fifty suggesting building momentum and below indicating weakness; touches near seventy or thirty flag potential extremes. The optional smoothed line and bands provide a filtered view—price above the upper band on the RSI pane hints at overextension. Divergence shapes appear as upward labels for bullish (lime for regular, teal for hidden) and downward for bearish (red regular, orange hidden) at the pivot's RSI level, signaling a mismatch only after validation. Connecting lines, if drawn, slope between points without RSI interference, their color matching the shape type; a dashed style denotes hidden. Fewer shapes overall compared to the standard RSI mean higher conviction, but always confirm with price structure. Practical Workflows & Combinations - Trend following: Enter longs on regular bullish shapes near support with higher highs in price; filter hidden bullish for pullback buys in uptrends, pairing with a rising smoothed RSI above fifty. - Exits/Stops: Use bearish regular as reversal warnings to tighten stops; hidden bearish in downtrends confirms continuation—exit if lines show RSI crossing the path. - Multi-asset/Multi-TF: Defaults suit forex and stocks on one-hour charts; for crypto volatility, widen pivot ranges to ten; scale min/max bars proportionally on daily for swings, avoiding the original's intraday spam. Behavior, Constraints & Performance Signals confirm only after the right pivot bars close, so live bars may show tentative pivots that vanish on close, unlike the standard RSI's immediate RSI-pivot triggers—plan for this delay in automation. No higher timeframe calls, so no security-related repaints. Resources include up to two hundred lines and labels for dense charts, with a loop in validation scanning up to three hundred bars between pivots, which is efficient but could slow on very long histories. Known limits: Slight lag at pivot confirmation in trending markets; volatile RSI might rarely miss fine path violations; not ideal for gap-heavy assets where pivots skip. Sensible Defaults & Quick Tuning Start with defaults for balanced momentum and divergence on most timeframes. For too many signals (like the original), raise pivot left/right to eight and min bars to ten to filter noise. If sluggish in trends, shorten RSI length to nine and enable EMA smoothing for faster adaptation. In high-volatility assets, widen max bars to one hundred but disable hidden to focus essentials. For clean reversal hunts, set smoothing to none and lines on. What this indicator is—and isn’t RSI Remastered serves as a refined momentum and divergence visualization tool, enhancing the standard RSI for better signal quality in technical analysis setups. It is not a standalone trading system, nor does it predict price moves—pair it with volume, structure breaks, and risk rules for decisions. Use alongside position sizing and broader context, not in isolation. Disclaimer The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context. Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved. By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk. Do not use this indicator on Heikin-Ashi, Renko, Kagi, Point-and-Figure, or Range charts, as these chart types can produce unrealistic results for signal markers and alerts. Best regards and happy trading Chervolino

Pine Script® indicator

Volume Sampled Supertrend [BackQuant]Volume Sampled Supertrend A Supertrend that runs on a volume sampled price series instead of fixed time. New synthetic bars are only created after sufficient traded activity, which filters out low participation noise and makes the trend much easier to read and model. Original Script Link This indicator is built on top of my volume sampling engine. See the base implementation here: Why Volume Sampling Traditional charts print a bar every N minutes regardless of how active the tape is. During quiet periods you accumulate many small, low information bars that add noise and whipsaws to downstream signals. Volume sampling replaces the clock with participation. A new synthetic bar is created only when a pre-set amount of volume accumulates (or, in Dollar Bars mode, when pricevolume reaches a dollar threshold). The result is a non-uniform time series that stretches in busy regimes and compresses in quiet regimes. This naturally: filters dead time by skipping low volume chop; standardizes the information content per bar, improving comparability across regimes; stabilizes volatility estimates used inside banded indicators; gives trend and breakout logic cleaner state transitions with fewer micro flips. What this tool does It builds a synthetic OHLCV stream from volume based buckets and then applies a Supertrend to that synthetic price. You are effectively running Supertrend on a participation clock rather than a wall clock. Core Features Sampling Engine - Choose Volume buckets or Dollar Bars . Thresholds can be dynamic from a rolling mean or median, or fixed by the user. Synthetic Candles - Plots the volume sampled OHLC candles so you can visually compare against regular time candles. Supertrend on Synthetic Price - ATR bands and direction are computed on the sampled series, not on time bars. Adaptive Coloring - Candle colors can reflect side, intensity by volume, or a neutral scheme. Research Panels - Table shows total samples, current bucket fill, threshold, bars-per-sample, and synthetic return stats. Alerts - Long and Short triggers on Supertrend direction flips for the synthetic series. How it works Sampling Pick Sampling Method = Volume or Dollar Bars. Set the dynamic threshold via Rolling Lookback and Filter (Mean or Median), or enable Use Fixed and type a constant. The script accumulates volume (or pricevolume) each time bar. When the bucket reaches the threshold, it finalizes one or more synthetic candles and resets accumulation. Each synthetic candle stores its own OHLCV and is appended to the synthetic series used for all downstream logic. Supertrend on the sampled stream Choose Supertrend Source (Open, High, Low, Close, HLC3, HL2, OHLC4, HLCC4) derived from the synthetic candle. Compute ATR over the synthetic series with ATR Period , then form upperBand = src + factorATR and lowerBand = src - factorATR . Apply classic trailing band and direction rules to produce Supertrend and trend state. Because bars only come when there is sufficient participation, band touches and flips tend to align with meaningful pushes, not idle prints. Reading the display Synthetic Volume Bars - The non-uniform candles that represent equal information buckets. Expect more candles during active sessions and fewer during lulls. Volume Sampled Supertrend - The main line. Green when Trend is 1, red when Trend is -1. Markers - Small dots appear when a new synthetic sample is created, useful for aligning activity cycles. Time Bars Overlay (optional) - Plot regular time candles to compare how the synthetic stream compresses quiet chop. Settings you will use most Data Settings Sampling Method - Volume or Dollar Bars. Rolling Lookback and Filter - Controls the dynamic threshold. Median is robust to outliers, Mean is smoother. Use Fixed and Fixed Threshold - Force a constant bucket size for consistent sampling across regimes. Max Stored Samples - Ring buffer limit for performance. Indicator Settings SMA over last N samples - A moving average computed on the synthetic close series. Can be hidden for a cleaner layout. Supertrend Source - Price field from the synthetic candle. ATR Period and Factor - Standard Supertrend controls applied on the synthetic series. Visuals and UI Show Synthetic Bars - Turn synthetic candles on or off. Candle Color Mode - Green/Red, Volume Intensity, Neutral, or Adaptive. Mark new samples - Puts a dot when a bucket closes. Show Time Bars - Overlay regular candles for comparison. Paint candles according to Trend - Colors chart candles using current synthetic Supertrend direction. Line Width , Colors , and Stats Table toggles. Some workflow notes: Trend Following Set Sampling Method = Volume, Filter = Median, and a reasonable Rolling Lookback so busy regimes produce more samples. Trade in the direction of the Volume Sampled Supertrend. Because flips require real participation, you tend to avoid micro whipsaws seen on time bars. Use the synthetic SMA as a bias rail and trailing reference for partials or re-entries. Breakout and Continuation Watch for rapid clustering of new sample markers and a clean flip of the synthetic Supertrend. The compression of quiet time and expansion in busy bursts often makes breakouts more legible than on uniform time charts. Mean Reversion In instruments that oscillate, faded moves against the synthetic Supertrend are easier to time when the bucket cadence slows and Supertrend flattens. Combine with the synthetic SMA and return statistics in the table for sizing and expectation setting. Stats table (top right) Method and Total Samples - Sampling regime and current synthetic history length. Current Vol or Dollar and Threshold - Live bucket fill versus the trigger. Bars in Bucket and Avg Bars per Sample - How much time data each synthetic bar tends to compress. Avg Return and Return StdDev - Simple research metrics over synthetic close-to-close changes. Why this reduces noise Time based bars treat a 5 minute print with 1 percent of average participation the same as one with 300 percent. Volume sampling equalizes bar information content. By advancing the bar only when sufficient activity occurs, you skip low quality intervals that add variance but little signal. For banded systems like Supertrend, this often means fewer false flips and cleaner runs. Notes and tips Use Dollar Bars on assets where nominal price varies widely over time or across symbols. Median filter can resist single burst outliers when setting dynamic thresholds. If you need a stable research baseline, set Use Fixed and keep the threshold constant across tests. Enable Show Time Bars occasionally to sanity check what the synthetic stream is compressing or stretching. Link again for reference Original Volume Based Sampling engine: Bottom line When you let participation set the clock, your Supertrend reacts to meaningful flow instead of idle prints. The result is a cleaner state machine, fewer micro whipsaws, and a trend read that respects when the market is actually trading.

Pine Script® indicator

Updated

Magic Volume - Projected [MW]Magic Volume – Projected This lower-pane volume tool estimates the full-bar volume before the bar closes by measuring the current bar’s elapsed time and the rate of incoming volume. It then contrasts that “expected volume” against typical activity and recent momentum to spotlight potential burst conditions (breakout/acceleration), color-codes the live volume stream, and annotates when the projected surge is likely bullish or bearish based on bar structure and recent highs/lows. Settings Projected / Expected Volume Moving Average: EMA length used for volume baseline comparisons. (Default: 14) Minimum Volume: Hard floor the bar’s raw volume must exceed to qualify as notable. (Default: 10,000) Consecutive Volume Above 14 EMA: Count required for “sustained” high-volume context. (Default: 3) Stochastic Volume Burst Stochastic Length: Window for the Stochastic calculation on volume. (Default: 8) Smoothing: Smoothing applied to Stochastic volume and its signal. (Default: 3) Stochastic Volume Breakout Threshold: Level above which Stochastic volume is considered a breakout. (Default: 20) Volume Bar Increase Amount: Multiplier the current bar’s volume must exceed vs. prior bar to be considered a “burst.” (Default: 1.618) Plotted Items Expected Volume (columns): Magenta columns projecting the full-bar volume from intrabar rate. Turns lime when a high expected-volume condition aligns with bullish bar structure; turns red under analogous bearish conditions. Actual Volume (columns): Live volume columns, color-coded by state: • Blue = baseline; • Orange = “burst” (volume rising fast above prior × factor and above baseline); • Yellow = “burst at breakout” (burst + Stochastic volume breakout); • Light Blue = Stochastic breakout only. Volume EMA (line): Yellow EMA for baseline comparison (default 14). Calculations Compute elapsed time in the current bar (ms → seconds) and convert the current bar’s accumulated volume into a rate (volume per second). Project full-bar Expected Volume = (volume so far / seconds elapsed) × bar-seconds. Compute Volume EMA (default 14) for baseline; derive Stochastic(volume, length) and smoothed signal for momentum. Define “Burst” conditions: • Volume > prior volume × Volume Bar Increase Amount; • Volume > Minimum Volume; • Volume > Volume EMA; • Stochastic(volume) rising and/or above threshold. Classify “Burst at Breakout” when Burst aligns with Stochastic crossover above the Breakout Threshold. Classify Bullish/Bearish Expected Volume: if Expected Volume is ≥ 1.618 × prior bar volume and prior volume > Volume EMA, then: • Bullish if bar is green with a rising low; • Bearish if bar is red with a falling high. Color-map actual volume columns by state; overlay Expected Volume columns (magenta) and paint conditional overlays (lime/red) when directional context is detected. How to Use Spot the Surge Early When Expected Volume spikes well above typical (and especially above ~1.618× the prior bar) before the bar closes, it often precedes a volatile move. Use this to prepare entries with tight, structure-based risk (e.g., just beyond the current bar’s wick) and asymmetric targets. Confirm with Momentum Yellow/orange volume columns indicate burst/breakout behavior in the live tape. When this aligns with a lime (bullish) or red (bearish) Expected Volume column, the probability of follow-through improves—particularly if aligned with prevailing trend or key levels. Context Matters Combine with your preferred S/R or structure tools (e.g., order blocks, channels, VWAP) to avoid chasing into obvious supply/demand. The projected surge can mark both continuations and sharp reversals depending on location and broader context. Alerts High Expected Volume – Bullish: When projected volume surges and the price action meets bullish conditions (green body with rising low). High Expected Volume – Bearish: When projected volume surges and the price action meets bearish conditions (red body with falling high). Other Usage Notes and Limitations Projected volume depends on intrabar pace; abrupt pauses/flushes can change the projection quickly, especially on very small timeframes. Minimum Volume and EMA baselines help filter thin markets; adjust upward on illiquid symbols to reduce noise. A rising projection does not pick direction on its own—directional coloring (lime/red) requires price-action confirmation; otherwise treat magenta projections as “heads-up” only. As with any single indicator, use within a broader plan (risk management, structure, confluence) to mitigate false positives and improve selectivity. Inputs (Quick Reference) Moving Average (int, default 14) Stochastic Length (int, default 8) Smoothing (int, default 3) Stochastic Volume Breakout Threshold (int, default 20) Volume Bar Increase Amount (float, default 1.618) Minimum Volume (int, default 10,000) Consecutive Volume Above 14 EMA (int, default 3)

Pine Script® indicator

US Opening 5-Minute Candle Highlighter US Opening 5-Minute Candle Highlighter — True RVOL (Two-Tier + Label) What it does (in plain English) This indicator finds the first 5-minute bar of the US cash session (09:30–09:35 ET) and highlights it when the candle has the specific “strong open” look you want: Opens near the low of its own range, and Closes near the high of its own range, and Has a decisive real body (not a wick-y doji), and (Optionally) is a green candle, and Meets a TRUE opening-bar RVOL filter (compares today’s 09:30–09:35 volume only to prior sessions’ 09:30–09:35 volumes). You get two visual intensities based on opening RVOL: Tier-1 (≥ threshold 1, default 1.0×) → light green highlight + lime arrow Tier-2 (≥ threshold 2, default 1.5×) → darker green highlight + green arrow An RVOL label (e.g., RVOL 1.84x) can be shown above or below the opening bar. Designed for 5-minute charts. On other timeframes the “opening bar” will be the bar that starts at 09:30 on that timeframe (e.g., 15-minute 09:30–09:45). For best results keep the chart on 5m. How the pattern is defined For the opening 5-minute bar, we compute: Range = high − low Body = |close − open| Then we measure where the open and close sit within the bar’s own range on a 0→1 scale: 0 means exactly at the low 1 means exactly at the high Using two quantiles: Open ≤ position in range (0–1) (default 0.20) Example: 0.20 means “open must be in the lowest 20% of the bar’s range.” Close ≥ position in range (0–1) (default 0.80) Example: 0.80 means “close must be in the top 20% of the bar’s range.” This keeps the logic range-normalized so it adapts across different tickers and vol regimes (you’re not using fixed cents or % of price). Body ≥ fraction of range (0–1) (default 0.55) Requires the real body to be at least that fraction of the total range. 0.55 = body fills ≥ 55% of the candle. Purpose: filter out indecisive, wick-heavy bars. Raise to 0.7–0.8 for only the fattest thrusts; lower to 0.3–0.4 to admit more bars. Require green candle? (default ON) If ON, close > open must be true. Turn OFF if you also want to catch strong red opens for shorts. Minimum range (ticks) Ignore tiny, illiquid opens: e.g., set to 2–5 ticks to suppress micro bars. TRUE Opening-Bar RVOL (why it’s “true”) Most “RVOL” compares against any recent bars, which isn’t fair at the open. This indicator calculates only against prior opening bars: At 09:30–09:35 ET, take today’s opening 5-minute volume. Compare it to the average of the last N sessions’ opening 5-minute volumes. RVOL = today_open_volume / average_prior_open_volumes. So: 1.0× = equal to average prior opens. 1.5× = 150% of average prior opens. 2.0× = double the typical opening participation. A minimum prior samples guard (default 10) ensures you don’t judge with too little history. Until enough samples exist, the RVOL gate won’t pass (you can disable RVOL temporarily if needed). Visuals & tiers Light green highlight + lime arrow → price filters pass and RVOL ≥ Tier-1 (default 1.0×) Dark green highlight + green arrow → price filters pass and RVOL ≥ Tier-2 (default 1.5×) Optional bar paint in matching green tones for extra visibility. Optional RVOL label (e.g., RVOL 1.84x) above or below the opening bar. You can show the label only when the candle qualifies, or on every open. Inputs (step-by-step) Price-action filters Open ≤ position in range (0–1): default 0.20. Smaller = stricter (must open nearer the low). Close ≥ position in range (0–1): default 0.80. Larger = stricter (must close nearer the high). Body ≥ fraction of range (0–1): default 0.55. Raise to demand a “fatter” body. Require green candle?: default ON. Turn OFF to also mark bearish thrusts. Minimum range (ticks): default 0. Set to 2–5 for liquid mid/large caps. Time settings Timezone: default America/New_York. Leave as is for US equities. Start hour / minute: defaults 09:30. The bar that starts at this time is evaluated. TRUE Opening-Bar RVOL (two-tier) Require TRUE opening-bar RVOL?: ON = must pass Tier-1 to highlight; OFF = price filters alone can highlight (still shows Tier-2 when hit). RVOL lookback (prior opens count): default 20. How many prior openings to average. Min prior opens required: default 10. Warm-up guard. Tier-1 RVOL threshold (× avg): default 1.00× (light green). Tier-2 RVOL threshold (× avg): default 1.50× (dark green). Display Also paint candle body?: OFF by default. Turn ON for instant visibility on a chart wall. Arrow size: tiny/small/normal/large. Light/Dark opacity: tune highlight strength. Show RVOL label?: ON/OFF. Show label only when candle qualifies?: ON by default; OFF to see RVOL every open. Label position: Above candle or Below candle. Label size: tiny/small/normal/large. How to use (quick start) Apply to a 5-minute chart. Keep defaults: Open ≤ 0.20, Close ≥ 0.80, Body ≥ 0.55, Require green ON. Turn RVOL required ON, with Tier-1 = 1.0×, Tier-2 = 1.5×, Lookback = 20, Min prior = 10. Optional: enable Paint bar and set Arrow size = large for monitor-wall visibility. Optional: show RVOL label below the bar to keep wicks clean. Interpretation: Dark green = A+ opening thrust with strong participation (≥ Tier-2). Light green = Valid opening thrust with at least average participation (≥ Tier-1). No highlight = one or more filters failed (quantiles, body, green, range, or RVOL if required). Alerts Two alert conditions are included: Opening 5m Match — Tier-2 RVOL → fires when the opening candle passes price filters and RVOL ≥ Tier-2. Opening 5m Match — Tier-1 RVOL → fires when the opening candle passes price filters and RVOL ≥ Tier-1 (but < Tier-2). Recommended alert settings Condition: choose the script + desired tier. Options: Once Per Bar Close (you want the confirmed 09:30–09:35 bar). Set your watchlist to symbols of interest (themes/sectors) and let the alerts pull you to the right charts. Recommended starting values Quantiles: Open ≤ 0.20, Close ≥ 0.80 Body fraction: 0.55 Require green: ON RVOL: Required ON, Tier-1 = 1.0×, Tier-2 = 1.5×, Lookback 20, Min prior 10 Display: Paint bar ON, Arrow large, Label ON, Below candle Tune tighter for A-plus selectivity: Open ≤ 0.15, Close ≥ 0.85, Body ≥ 0.65, Tier-2 2.0×. Notes, tips & limitations 5-minute timeframe is the intended use. On higher TFs, the 09:30 bar spans more than 5 minutes; geometry may not reflect the first 5 minutes alone. RTH only: The opening detection looks at the clock (09:30 ET). Pre-market bars are ignored for the signal and for RVOL history. Warm-up period: Until you have Min prior opens required samples, the RVOL gate won’t pass. You can temporarily toggle RVOL off. DST & timezone: Leave timezone on America/New_York for US equities. If you trade non-US exchanges, set the appropriate TZ and opening time. Illiquid tickers: Use Minimum range (ticks) and require RVOL to reduce noise. No strategy orders: This is a visual/alert tool. Combine with your execution and risk plan. Why this is useful on multi-monitor setups Instant pattern recognition: the two-shade green makes A vs A+ opens pop at a glance. Adaptive thresholds: quantiles & body are within-bar, so it works across $5 and $500 names. Fair volume test: TRUE opening RVOL avoids comparing to pre-market or midday bars. Optional labels: glanceable RVOL x-value helps triage the strongest themes quickly.

Pine Script® indicator

by JackCorsellis

Hour/Day/Month Optimizer [CHE] Hour/Day/Month Optimizer — Bucketed seasonality ranking for hours, weekdays, and months with additive or compounded returns, win rate, simple Sharpe proxy, and trade counts Summary This indicator profiles time-of-day, day-of-week, and month-of-year behavior by assigning every bar to a bucket and accumulating its return into that bucket. It reports per-bucket score (additive or compounded), win rate, a dispersion-aware return proxy, and trade counts, then ranks buckets and highlights the current one if it is best or worst. A compact on-chart table shows the top buckets or the full ranking; a last-bar label summarizes best and worst. Optional hour filtering and UTC shifting let you align buckets with your trading session rather than exchange time. Motivation: Why this design? Traders often see repetitive timing effects but struggle to separate genuine seasonality from noise. Static averages are easily distorted by sample size, compounding, or volatility spikes. The core idea here is simple, explicit bucket aggregation with user-controlled accumulation (sum or compound) and transparent quality metrics (win rate, a dispersion-aware proxy, and counts). The result is a practical, legible seasonality surface that can be used for scheduling and filtering rather than prediction. What’s different vs. standard approaches? Reference baseline: Simple heatmaps or average-return tables that ignore compounding, dispersion, or sample size. Architecture differences: Dual aggregation modes: additive sum of bar returns or compounded factor. Per-bucket win rate and trade count to expose sample support. A simple dispersion-aware return proxy to penalize unstable averages. UTC offset and optional custom hour window. Deterministic, closed-bar rendering via a lightweight on-chart table. Practical effect: You see not only which buckets look strong but also whether the observation is supported by enough bars and whether stability is acceptable. The background tint and last-bar label give immediate context for the current bucket. How it works (technical) Each bar is assigned to a bucket based on the selected dimension (hour one to twenty-four, weekday one to seven, or month one to twelve) after applying the UTC shift. An optional hour filter can exclude bars outside a chosen window. For each bucket the script accumulates either the sum of simple returns or the compounded product of bar factors. It also counts bars and wins, where a win is any bar with a non-negative return. From these, it derives: Score: additive total or compounded total minus the neutral baseline. Win rate: wins as a percentage of bars in the bucket. Dispersion-aware proxy (“Sharpe” column): a crude ratio that rises when average return improves and falls when variability increases. Buckets are sorted by a user-selected key (score, win rate, dispersion proxy, or trade count). The current bar’s bucket is tinted if it matches the global best or worst. At the last bar, a table is drawn with headers, an optional info row, and either the top three or all rows, using zebra backgrounds and color-coding (lime for best, red for worst). Rendering is last-bar only; no higher-timeframe data is requested, and no future data is referenced. Parameter Guide UTC Offset (hours) — Shifts bucket assignment relative to exchange time. Default: zero. Tip: Align to your local or desk session. Use Custom Hours — Enables a local session window. Default: off. Trade-off: Reduces noise outside your active hours but lowers sample size. Start / End — Inclusive hour window one to twenty-four. Defaults: eight to seventeen. Tip: Widen if rankings look unstable. Aggregation — “Additive” sums bar returns; “Multiplicative” compounds them. Default: Additive. Tip: Use compounded for long-horizon bias checks. Dimension — Bucket by Hour, Day, or Month. Default: Hour. Tip: Start Hour for intraday planning; switch to Day or Month for scheduling. Show — “Top Three” or “All”. Default: Top Three. Trade-off: Clarity vs. completeness. Sort By — Score, Win Rate, Sharpe, or Trades. Default: Score. Tip: Use Trades to surface stable buckets; use Win Rate for skew awareness. X / Y — Table anchor. Defaults: right / top. Tip: Move away from price clusters. Text — Table text size. Default: normal. Light Mode — Light palette for bright charts. Default: off. Show Parameters Row — Info header with dimension and span. Default: on. Highlight Current Bucket if Best/Worst — Background tint when current bucket matches extremes. Default: on. Best/Worst Barcolor — Tint colors. Defaults: lime / red. Mark Best/Worst on Last Bar — Summary label on the last bar. Default: on. Reading & Interpretation Score column: Higher suggests stronger cumulative behavior for the chosen aggregation. Compounded mode emphasizes persistence; additive mode treats all bars equally. Win Rate: Stability signal; very high with very low trades is unreliable. “Sharpe” column: A quick stability proxy; use it to down-rank buckets that look good on score but fluctuate heavily. Trades: Sample size. Prefer buckets with adequate counts for your timeframe and asset. Tinting: If the current bucket is globally best, expect a lime background; if worst, red. This is context, not a trade signal. Practical Workflows & Combinations Trend following: Use Hour or Day to avoid initiating trades during historically weak buckets; require structure confirmation such as higher highs and higher lows, plus a momentum or volatility filter. Mean reversion: Prefer buckets with moderate scores but acceptable win rate and dispersion proxy; combine with deviation bands or volume normalization. Exits/Stops: Tighten exits during historically weak buckets; relax slightly during strong ones, but keep absolute risk controls independent of the table. Multi-asset/Multi-TF: Start with Hour on liquid intraday assets; for swing, use Day. On monthly seasonality, require larger lookbacks to avoid overfitting. Behavior, Constraints & Performance Repaint/confirmation: Calculations use completed bars only; table and label are drawn on the last bar and can update intrabar until close. security()/HTF: None used; repaint risk limited to normal live-bar updates. Resources: Arrays per dimension, light loops for metric building and sorting, `max_bars_back` two thousand, and capped label/table counts. Known limits: Sensitive to sample size and regime shifts; ignores costs and slippage; bar-based wins can mislead on assets with frequent gaps; compounded mode can over-weight streaks. Sensible Defaults & Quick Tuning Start: Hour dimension, Additive, Top Three, Sort by Score, default session window off. Too many flips: Switch to Sort by Trades or raise sample by widening hours or timeframe. Too sluggish/over-smoothed: Switch to Additive (if on compounded) or shorten your chart timeframe while keeping the same dimension. Overfit risk: Prefer “All” view to verify that top buckets are not isolated with tiny counts; use Day or Month only with long histories. What this indicator is—and isn’t This is a seasonality and scheduling layer that ranks time buckets using transparent arithmetic and simple stability checks. It is not a predictive model, not a complete trading system, and it does not manage risk. Use it to plan when to engage, then rely on structure, confirmation, and independent risk management for entries and exits. Disclaimer The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context. Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved. By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk. Do not use this indicator on Heikin-Ashi, Renko, Kagi, Point-and-Figure, or Range charts, as these chart types can produce unrealistic results for signal markers and alerts. Best regards and happy trading Chervolino

Pine Script® indicator

Linh's Anomaly Radar v2 What this script does It’s an event detector for price/volume anomalies that often precede or confirm moves. It watches a bunch of patterns (Wyckoff tests, squeezes, failed breakouts, turnover bursts, etc.), applies robust z-scores, optional trend filters, cooldowns (to avoid spam), and then fires: A shape/label on the bar, A row in the mini panel (top-right), A ready-made alertcondition you can hook into. How to add & set up (TradingView) Paste the script → Save → Add to chart on Daily first (works on any TF). Open Settings → Inputs: General • Use Robust Z (MAD): more outlier-resistant; keep on. • Z Lookback: 60 bars is ~3 months; bump to 120 for slower regimes. • Cooldown: min bars to wait before the same signal can fire again (default 5). • Use trend filter: if on, “bullish” signals only fire above SMA(tfLen), “bearish” below. Thresholds: fine-tune sensitivity (defaults are sane). To create alerts: Right-click chart → Add alert Condition: Linh’s Anomaly Radar v2 → choose a specific signal or Composite (Σ). Options: “Once per bar close” (recommended). Customize message if you want ticker/timeframe in your phone push. The mini panel (top-right) Signal column: short code (see cheat sheet below). Fired column: a dot “•” means that on the latest bar this signal fired. Score (right column): total count of signals that fired this bar. Σ≥N shows your composite threshold (how many must fire to trigger the “Composite” alert). Shapes & codes (what’s what) Code Name (category) What it’s looking for Why it matters STL Stealth Volume z(volume)>5 & ** z(return) EVR Effort vs Result squeeze z(vol)>3 & z(TR)<−0.5 Heavy effort, tiny spread → absorption TGV Tight+Heavy (HL/ATR)<0.6 & z(vol)>3 Tight bar + heavy tape → pro activity CLS Accumulation cluster ≥3 of last 5 bars: up, vol↑, close near high Classic accumulation footprint GAP Open drive failure Big gap not filled (≥80%) & vol↑ One-sided open stalls → fade risk BB↑ BB squeeze breakout Squeeze (z(BBWidth)<−1.3) → close > upperBB & vol↑ Regime shift with confirmation ER↑ Effort→Result inversion Down day on vol then next bar > prior high Demand overwhelms supply OBV OBV divergence OBV slope up & ** z(ret20) WER Wide Effort, Opposite Result z(vol)>3, close+1 Selling into strength / distribution NS No-Supply (Wyckoff) Down bar, HL<0.6·ATR, vol << avg Sellers absent into weakness ND No-Demand (Wyckoff) Up bar, HL<0.6·ATR, vol << avg Buyers absent into strength VAC Liquidity Vacuum z(vol)<−1.5 & ** z(ret) UTD UTAD (failed breakout) Breaks swing-high, closes back below, vol↑ Stop-run, reversal risk SPR Spring (failed breakdown) Breaks swing-low, closes back above, vol↑ Bear trap, reversal risk PIV Pocket Pivot Up bar; vol > max down-vol in lookback Quiet base → sudden demand NR7 Narrow Range 7 + Vol HL is 7-bar low & z(vol)>2 Coiled spring with participation 52W 52-wk breakout quality New 52-wk close high + squeeze + vol↑ High-quality breakouts VvK Vol-of-Vol kink z(ATR20,200)>0.5 & z(ATR5,60)<0 Long-vol wakes up, short-vol compresses TAC Turnover acceleration SMA3 vol / SMA20 vol > 1.8 & muted return Participation surging before move RBd RSI Bullish div Price LL, RSI HL, vol z>1 Exhaustion of sellers RS↑ RSI Bearish div Price HH, RSI LH, vol z>1 Exhaustion of buyers Σ Composite Count of all fired signals ≥ threshold High-conviction bar Placement: Triangles up (below bar) → bullish-leaning events. Triangles down (above bar) → bearish-leaning events. Circles → neutral context (VAC, VvK, Composite). Key inputs (quick reference) General Use Robust Z (MAD): keep on for noisy tickers. Z Lookback (lenZ): 60 default; 120 if you want fewer alerts. Trend filter: when on, bullish signals require close > SMA(tfLen), bearish require <. Cooldown: prevents repeated firing of the same signal within N bars. Phase-1 thresholds (core) Stealth: vol z > 5, |ret z| < 1. EVR: vol z > 3, TR z < −0.5. Tight+Heavy: (HL/ATR) < 0.6, vol z > 3. Cluster: window=5, min=3 strong bars. GapFail: gap/ATR ≥1.5, fill <80%, vol z > 2. BB Squeeze: z(BBWidth)<−1.3 then breakout with vol z > 2. Eff→Res Up: prev bar heavy down → current bar > prior high. OBV Div: OBV uptrend + |z(ret20)|<0.3. Phase-2 thresholds (extras) WER: vol z > 3, close1. No-Supply/No-Demand: tight bar & very light volume vs SMA20. Vacuum: vol z < −1.5, |ret z|>1.5. UTAD/Spring: swing lookback N (default 20), vol z > 2. Pocket Pivot: lookback for prior down-vol max (default 10). NR7: 7-bar narrowest range + vol z > 2. 52W Quality: new 52-wk high + squeeze + vol z > 2. VoV Kink: z(ATR20,200)>0.5 AND z(ATR5,60)<0. Turnover Accel: SMA3/SMA20 > 1.8 and |ret z|<1. RSI Divergences: compare to n bars back (default 14). How to use it (playbooks) A) Daily scan workflow Run on Daily for your VN watchlist. Turn Composite (Σ) alert on with Σ≥2 or ≥3 to reduce noise. When a bar fires Σ (or a fav combo like STL + BB↑), drop to 60-min to time entries. B) Breakout quality check Look for 52W together with BB↑, TAC, and OBV. If WER/ND appear near highs → downgrade the breakout. C) Spring/UTAD reversals If SPR fires near major support and RBd confirms → long bias with stop below spring low. If UTD + WER/RS↑ near resistance → short/fade with stop above UTAD high. D) Accumulation basing During bases, you want CLS, OBV, TGV, STL, NR7. A pocket pivot (PIV) can be your early add; manage risk below base lows. Tuning tips Too many signals? Raise stealthVolZ to 5.5–6, evrVolZ to 3.5, use Σ≥3. Fast movers? Lower bbwZthr to −1.0 (less strict squeeze), keep trend filter on. Illiquid tickers? Keep MAD z-scores on, increase lookbacks (e.g., lenZ=120). Limitations & good habits First lenZ bars on a new symbol are less reliable (incomplete z-window). Some ideas (VWAP magnet, close auction spikes, ETF/foreign flows, options skew) need intraday/external feeds — not included here. Pine can’t “screen” across the whole market; set alerts or cycle your watchlist. Quick troubleshooting Compilation errors: make sure you’re on Pine v6; don’t nest functions in if blocks; each var int must be declared on its own line. No shapes firing: check trend filter (maybe price is below SMA and you’re waiting for bullish signals), and verify thresholds aren’t too strict.

Pine Script® indicator

SMC Structures and FVG สวัสดีครับ! ผมจะอธิบายอินดิเคเตอร์ "SMC Structures and FVG + MACD" ที่คุณให้มาอย่างละเอียดในแต่ละส่วน เพื่อให้คุณเข้าใจการทำงานของมันอย่างถ่องแท้ครับ อินดิเคเตอร์นี้เป็นการผสมผสานแนวคิดของ Smart Money Concept (SMC) ซึ่งเน้นการวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างตลาด (Market Structure) และ Fair Value Gap (FVG) เข้ากับอินดิเคเตอร์ MACD เพื่อใช้เป็นตัวกรองหรือตัวยืนยันสัญญาณ Choch/BoS (Change of Character / Break of Structure) 1. ภาพรวมอินดิเคเตอร์ (Overall Purpose) อินดิเคเตอร์นี้มีจุดประสงค์หลักคือ: ระบุโครงสร้างตลาด: ตีเส้นและป้ายกำกับ Choch (Change of Character) และ BoS (Break of Structure) บนกราฟโดยอัตโนมัติ ผสานการยืนยันด้วย MACD: สัญญาณ Choch/BoS จะถูกพิจารณาก็ต่อเมื่อ MACD Histogram เกิดการตัดขึ้นหรือลง (Zero Cross) ในทิศทางที่สอดคล้องกัน แสดง Fair Value Gap (FVG): หากเปิดใช้งาน จะมีการตีกล่อง FVG บนกราฟ แสดงระดับ Fibonacci: คำนวณและแสดงระดับ Fibonacci ที่สำคัญตามโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน ปรับตาม Timeframe: การคำนวณและการแสดงผลทั้งหมดจะปรับตาม Timeframe ที่คุณกำลังใช้งานอยู่โดยอัตโนมัติ 2. ส่วนประกอบหลักของโค้ด (Code Breakdown) โค้ดนี้สามารถแบ่งออกเป็นส่วนหลัก ๆ ได้ดังนี้: 2.1 Inputs (การตั้งค่า) ส่วนนี้คือตัวแปรที่คุณสามารถปรับแต่งได้ในหน้าต่างการตั้งค่าของอินดิเคเตอร์ (คลิกที่รูปฟันเฟืองข้างชื่ออินดิเคเตอร์บนกราฟ) MACD Settings (ตั้งค่า MACD): fast_len: ความยาวของ Fast EMA สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 12) slow_len: ความยาวของ Slow EMA สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 26) signal_len: ความยาวของ Signal Line สำหรับ MACD (ค่าเริ่มต้น 9) = ta.macd(close, fast_len, slow_len, signal_len): คำนวณค่า MACD Line, Signal Line และ Histogram โดยใช้ราคาปิด (close) และค่าความยาวที่กำหนด is_bullish_macd_cross: ตรวจสอบว่า MACD Histogram ตัดขึ้นเหนือเส้น 0 (จากค่าลบเป็นบวก) is_bearish_macd_cross: ตรวจสอบว่า MACD Histogram ตัดลงใต้เส้น 0 (จากค่าบวกเป็นลบ) Fear Value Gap (FVG) Settings: isFvgToShow: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการแสดง FVG บนกราฟ bullishFvgColor: สีสำหรับ Bullish FVG bearishFvgColor: สีสำหรับ Bearish FVG mitigatedFvgColor: สีสำหรับ FVG ที่ถูก Mitigate (ลดทอน) แล้ว fvgHistoryNbr: จำนวน FVG ย้อนหลังที่จะแสดง isMitigatedFvgToReduce: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการลดขนาด FVG เมื่อถูก Mitigate Structures (โครงสร้างตลาด) Settings: isStructBodyCandleBreak: (Boolean) หากเป็น true การ Break จะต้องเกิดขึ้นด้วย เนื้อเทียน ที่ปิดเหนือ/ใต้ Swing High/Low หากเป็น false แค่ไส้เทียนทะลุก็ถือว่า Break isCurrentStructToShow: (Boolean) เปิด/ปิดการแสดงเส้นโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน (เส้นสีน้ำเงินในภาพตัวอย่าง) pivot_len: ความยาวของแท่งเทียนที่ใช้ในการมองหาจุด Pivot (Swing High/Low) ยิ่งค่าน้อยยิ่งจับ Swing เล็กๆ ได้, ยิ่งค่ามากยิ่งจับ Swing ใหญ่ๆ ได้ bullishBosColor, bearishBosColor: สีสำหรับเส้นและป้าย BOS ขาขึ้น/ขาลง bosLineStyleOption, bosLineWidth: สไตล์ (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) และความหนาของเส้น BOS bullishChochColor, bearishChochColor: สีสำหรับเส้นและป้าย CHoCH ขาขึ้น/ขาลง chochLineStyleOption, chochLineWidth: สไตล์ (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) และความหนาของเส้น CHoCH currentStructColor, currentStructLineStyleOption, currentStructLineWidth: สี, สไตล์ และความหนาของเส้นโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน structHistoryNbr: จำนวนการ Break (Choch/BoS) ย้อนหลังที่จะแสดง Structure Fibonacci (จากโค้ดต้นฉบับ): เป็นชุด Input สำหรับเปิด/ปิด, กำหนดค่า, สี, สไตล์ และความหนาของเส้น Fibonacci Levels ต่างๆ (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) ที่จะถูกคำนวณจากโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน 2.2 Helper Functions (ฟังก์ชันช่วยทำงาน) getLineStyle(lineOption): ฟังก์ชันนี้ใช้แปลงค่า String ที่เลือกจาก Input (เช่น "─", "┈", "╌") ให้เป็นรูปแบบ line.style_ ที่ Pine Script เข้าใจ get_structure_highest_bar(lookback): ฟังก์ชันนี้พยายามหา Bar Index ของแท่งเทียนที่ทำ Swing High ภายในช่วง lookback ที่กำหนด get_structure_lowest_bar(lookback): ฟังก์ชันนี้พยายามหา Bar Index ของแท่งเทียนที่ทำ Swing Low ภายในช่วง lookback ที่กำหนด is_structure_high_broken(...): ฟังก์ชันนี้ตรวจสอบว่าราคาปัจจุบันได้ Break เหนือ _structureHigh (Swing High) หรือไม่ โดยพิจารณาจาก _highStructBreakPrice (ราคาปิดหรือราคา High ขึ้นอยู่กับการตั้งค่า isStructBodyCandleBreak) FVGDraw(...): ฟังก์ชันนี้รับ Arrays ของ FVG Boxes, Types, Mitigation Status และ Labels มาประมวลผล เพื่ออัปเดตสถานะของ FVG (เช่น ถูก Mitigate หรือไม่) และปรับขนาด/ตำแหน่งของ FVG Box และ Label บนกราฟ 2.3 Global Variables (ตัวแปรทั่วทั้งอินดิเคเตอร์) เป็นตัวแปรที่ประกาศด้วย var ซึ่งหมายความว่าค่าของมันจะถูกเก็บไว้และอัปเดตในแต่ละแท่งเทียน (persists across bars) structureLines, structureLabels: Arrays สำหรับเก็บอ็อบเจกต์ line และ label ของเส้น Choch/BoS ที่วาดบนกราฟ fvgBoxes, fvgTypes, fvgLabels, isFvgMitigated: Arrays สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลของ FVG Boxes และสถานะต่างๆ structureHigh, structureLow: เก็บราคาของ Swing High/Low ที่สำคัญของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex: เก็บ Bar Index ของจุดเริ่มต้นของ Swing High/Low ที่สำคัญ structureDirection: เก็บสถานะของทิศทางโครงสร้างตลาด (1 = Bullish, 2 = Bearish, 0 = Undefined) fiboXPrice, fiboXStartIndex, fiboXLine, fiboXLabel: ตัวแปรสำหรับเก็บข้อมูลและอ็อบเจกต์ของเส้น Fibonacci Levels isBOSAlert, isCHOCHAlert: (Boolean) ใช้สำหรับส่งสัญญาณ Alert (หากมีการตั้งค่า Alert ไว้) 2.4 FVG Processing (การประมวลผล FVG) ส่วนนี้จะตรวจสอบเงื่อนไขการเกิด FVG (Bullish FVG: high < low , Bearish FVG: low > high ) หากเกิด FVG และ isFvgToShow เป็น true จะมีการสร้าง box และ label ใหม่เพื่อแสดง FVG บนกราฟ มีการจัดการ fvgBoxes และ fvgLabels เพื่อจำกัดจำนวน FVG ที่แสดงตาม fvgHistoryNbr และลบ FVG เก่าออก ฟังก์ชัน FVGDraw จะถูกเรียกเพื่ออัปเดตสถานะของ FVG (เช่น การถูก Mitigate) และปรับการแสดงผล 2.5 Structures Processing (การประมวลผลโครงสร้างตลาด) Initialization: ที่ bar_index == 0 (แท่งเทียนแรกของกราฟ) จะมีการกำหนดค่าเริ่มต้นให้กับ structureHigh, structureLow, structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex Finding Current High/Low: highest, highestBar, lowest, lowestBar ถูกใช้เพื่อหา High/Low ที่สุดและ Bar Index ของมันใน 10 แท่งล่าสุด (หรือทั้งหมดหากกราฟสั้นกว่า 10 แท่ง) Calculating Structure Max/Min Bar: structureMaxBar และ structureMinBar ใช้ฟังก์ชัน get_structure_highest_bar และ get_structure_lowest_bar เพื่อหา Bar Index ของ Swing High/Low ที่แท้จริง (ไม่ใช่แค่ High/Low ที่สุดใน lookback แต่เป็นจุด Pivot ที่สมบูรณ์) Break Price: lowStructBreakPrice และ highStructBreakPrice จะเป็นราคาปิด (close) หรือราคา Low/High ขึ้นอยู่กับ isStructBodyCandleBreak isStuctureLowBroken / isStructureHighBroken: เงื่อนไขเหล่านี้ตรวจสอบว่าราคาได้ทำลาย structureLow หรือ structureHigh หรือไม่ โดยพิจารณาจากราคา Break, ราคาแท่งก่อนหน้า และ Bar Index ของจุดเริ่มต้นโครงสร้าง Choch/BoS Logic (ส่วนสำคัญที่ถูกผสานกับ MACD): if(isStuctureLowBroken and is_bearish_macd_cross): นี่คือจุดที่ MACD เข้ามามีบทบาท หากราคาทำลาย structureLow (สัญญาณขาลง) และ MACD Histogram เกิด Bearish Zero Cross (is_bearish_macd_cross เป็น true) อินดิเคเตอร์จะพิจารณาว่าเป็น Choch หรือ BoS หาก structureDirection == 1 (เดิมเป็นขาขึ้น) หรือ 0 (ยังไม่กำหนด) จะตีเป็น "CHoCH" (เปลี่ยนทิศทางโครงสร้างเป็นขาลง) หาก structureDirection == 2 (เดิมเป็นขาลง) จะตีเป็น "BOS" (ยืนยันโครงสร้างขาลง) มีการสร้าง line.new และ label.new เพื่อวาดเส้นและป้ายกำกับ structureDirection จะถูกอัปเดตเป็น 1 (Bullish) structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อกำหนดโครงสร้างใหม่ else if(isStructureHighBroken and is_bullish_macd_cross): เช่นกันสำหรับขาขึ้น หากราคาทำลาย structureHigh (สัญญาณขาขึ้น) และ MACD Histogram เกิด Bullish Zero Cross (is_bullish_macd_cross เป็น true) อินดิเคเตอร์จะพิจารณาว่าเป็น Choch หรือ BoS หาก structureDirection == 2 (เดิมเป็นขาลง) หรือ 0 (ยังไม่กำหนด) จะตีเป็น "CHoCH" (เปลี่ยนทิศทางโครงสร้างเป็นขาขึ้น) หาก structureDirection == 1 (เดิมเป็นขาขึ้น) จะตีเป็น "BOS" (ยืนยันโครงสร้างขาขึ้น) มีการสร้าง line.new และ label.new เพื่อวาดเส้นและป้ายกำกับ structureDirection จะถูกอัปเดตเป็น 2 (Bearish) structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อกำหนดโครงสร้างใหม่ การลบเส้นเก่า: d.delete_line (หากไลบรารีทำงาน) จะถูกเรียกเพื่อลบเส้นและป้ายกำกับเก่าออกเมื่อจำนวนเกิน structHistoryNbr Updating Structure High/Low (else block): หากไม่มีการ Break เกิดขึ้น แต่ราคาปัจจุบันสูงกว่า structureHigh หรือต่ำกว่า structureLow ในทิศทางที่สอดคล้องกัน (เช่น ยังคงเป็นขาขึ้นและทำ High ใหม่) structureHigh หรือ structureLow จะถูกอัปเดตเพื่อติดตาม High/Low ที่สุดของโครงสร้างปัจจุบัน Current Structure Display: หาก isCurrentStructToShow เป็น true อินดิเคเตอร์จะวาดเส้น structureHighLine และ structureLowLine เพื่อแสดงขอบเขตของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน Fibonacci Display: หาก isFiboXToShow เป็น true อินดิเคเตอร์จะคำนวณและวาดเส้น Fibonacci Levels ต่างๆ (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) โดยอิงจาก structureHigh และ structureLow ของโครงสร้างตลาดปัจจุบัน Alerts: alertcondition: ใช้สำหรับตั้งค่า Alert ใน TradingView เมื่อเกิดสัญญาณ BOS หรือ CHOCH plot(na): plot(na) เป็นคำสั่งที่สำคัญในอินดิเคเตอร์ที่ไม่ได้ต้องการพล็อต Series ของข้อมูลบนกราฟ (เช่น ไม่ได้พล็อตเส้น EMA หรือ RSI) แต่ใช้วาดอ็อบเจกต์ (Line, Label, Box) โดยตรง การมี plot(na) ช่วยให้ Pine Script รู้ว่าอินดิเคเตอร์นี้มีเอาต์พุตที่แสดงผลบนกราฟ แม้ว่าจะไม่ได้เป็น Series ที่พล็อตตามปกติก็ตาม 3. วิธีใช้งาน คัดลอกโค้ดทั้งหมด ที่อยู่ในบล็อก immersive ด้านบน ไปที่ TradingView และเปิดกราฟที่คุณต้องการ คลิกที่เมนู "Pine Editor" ที่อยู่ด้านล่างของหน้าจอ ลบโค้ดเดิมที่มีอยู่ และ วางโค้ดที่คัดลอกมา ลงไปแทน คลิกที่ปุ่ม "Add to Chart" อินดิเคเตอร์จะถูกเพิ่มลงในกราฟของคุณโดยอัตโนมัติ คุณสามารถคลิกที่รูปฟันเฟืองข้างชื่ออินดิเคเตอร์บนกราฟเพื่อเข้าถึงหน้าต่างการตั้งค่าและปรับแต่งตามความต้องการของคุณได้ Hello! I will explain the "SMC Structures and FVG + MACD" indicator you provided in detail, section by section, so you can fully understand how it works.This indicator combines the concepts of Smart Money Concept (SMC), which focuses on analyzing Market Structure and Fair Value Gaps (FVG), with the MACD indicator to serve as a filter or confirmation for Choch (Change of Character) and BoS (Break of Structure) signals.1. Overall PurposeThe main purposes of this indicator are:Identify Market Structure: Automatically draw lines and label Choch (Change of Character) and BoS (Break of Structure) on the chart.Integrate MACD Confirmation: Choch/BoS signals will only be considered when the MACD Histogram performs a cross (Zero Cross) in the corresponding direction.Display Fair Value Gap (FVG): If enabled, FVG boxes will be drawn on the chart.Display Fibonacci Levels: Calculate and display important Fibonacci levels based on the current market structure.Adapt to Timeframe: All calculations and displays will automatically adjust to the timeframe you are currently using.2. Code BreakdownThis code can be divided into the following main sections:2.1 Inputs (Settings)This section contains variables that you can adjust in the indicator's settings window (click the gear icon next to the indicator's name on the chart).MACD Settings:fast_len: Length of the Fast EMA for MACD (default 12)slow_len: Length of the Slow EMA for MACD (default 26)signal_len: Length of the Signal Line for MACD (default 9) = ta.macd(close, fast_len, slow_len, signal_len): Calculates the MACD Line, Signal Line, and Histogram using the closing price (close) and the specified lengths.is_bullish_macd_cross: Checks if the MACD Histogram crosses above the 0 line (from negative to positive).is_bearish_macd_cross: Checks if the MACD Histogram crosses below the 0 line (from positive to negative).Fear Value Gap (FVG) Settings:isFvgToShow: (Boolean) Enables/disables the display of FVG on the chart.bullishFvgColor: Color for Bullish FVG.bearishFvgColor: Color for Bearish FVG.mitigatedFvgColor: Color for FVG that has been mitigated.fvgHistoryNbr: Number of historical FVG to display.isMitigatedFvgToReduce: (Boolean) Enables/disables reducing the size of FVG when mitigated.Structures (โครงสร้างตลาด) Settings:isStructBodyCandleBreak: (Boolean) If true, the break must occur with the candle body closing above/below the Swing High/Low. If false, a wick break is sufficient.isCurrentStructToShow: (Boolean) Enables/disables the display of the current market structure lines (blue lines in the example image).pivot_len: Lookback length for identifying Pivot points (Swing High/Low). A smaller value captures smaller, more frequent swings; a larger value captures larger, more significant swings.bullishBosColor, bearishBosColor: Colors for bullish/bearish BOS lines and labels.bosLineStyleOption, bosLineWidth: Style (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) and width of BOS lines.bullishChochColor, bearishChochColor: Colors for bullish/bearish CHoCH lines and labels.chochLineStyleOption, chochLineWidth: Style (Solid, Dotted, Dashed) and width of CHoCH lines.currentStructColor, currentStructLineStyleOption, currentStructLineWidth: Color, style, and width of the current market structure lines.structHistoryNbr: Number of historical breaks (Choch/BoS) to display.Structure Fibonacci (from original code):A set of inputs to enable/disable, define values, colors, styles, and widths for various Fibonacci Levels (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) that will be calculated from the current market structure.2.2 Helper FunctionsgetLineStyle(lineOption): This function converts the selected string input (e.g., "─", "┈", "╌") into a line.style_ format understood by Pine Script.get_structure_highest_bar(lookback): This function attempts to find the Bar Index of the Swing High within the specified lookback period.get_structure_lowest_bar(lookback): This function attempts to find the Bar Index of the Swing Low within the specified lookback period.is_structure_high_broken(...): This function checks if the current price has broken above _structureHigh (Swing High), considering _highStructBreakPrice (closing price or high price depending on isStructBodyCandleBreak setting).FVGDraw(...): This function takes arrays of FVG Boxes, Types, Mitigation Status, and Labels to process and update the status of FVG (e.g., whether it's mitigated) and adjust the size/position of FVG Boxes and Labels on the chart.2.3 Global VariablesThese are variables declared with var, meaning their values are stored and updated on each bar (persists across bars).structureLines, structureLabels: Arrays to store line and label objects for Choch/BoS lines drawn on the chart.fvgBoxes, fvgTypes, fvgLabels, isFvgMitigated: Arrays to store FVG box data and their respective statuses.structureHigh, structureLow: Stores the price of the significant Swing High/Low of the current market structure.structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex: Stores the Bar Index of the start point of the significant Swing High/Low.structureDirection: Stores the status of the market structure direction (1 = Bullish, 2 = Bearish, 0 = Undefined).fiboXPrice, fiboXStartIndex, fiboXLine, fiboXLabel: Variables to store data and objects for Fibonacci Levels.isBOSAlert, isCHOCHAlert: (Boolean) Used to trigger alerts in TradingView (if alerts are configured).2.4 FVG ProcessingThis section checks the conditions for FVG formation (Bullish FVG: high < low , Bearish FVG: low > high ).If FVG occurs and isFvgToShow is true, a new box and label are created to display the FVG on the chart.fvgBoxes and fvgLabels are managed to limit the number of FVG displayed according to fvgHistoryNbr and remove older FVG.The FVGDraw function is called to update the FVG status (e.g., whether it's mitigated) and adjust its display.2.5 Structures ProcessingInitialization: At bar_index == 0 (the first bar of the chart), structureHigh, structureLow, structureHighStartIndex, and structureLowStartIndex are initialized.Finding Current High/Low: highest, highestBar, lowest, lowestBar are used to find the highest/lowest price and its Bar Index of it in the last 10 bars (or all bars if the chart is shorter than 10 bars).Calculating Structure Max/Min Bar: structureMaxBar and structureMinBar use get_structure_highest_bar and get_structure_lowest_bar functions to find the Bar Index of the true Swing High/Low (not just the highest/lowest in the lookback but a complete Pivot point).Break Price: lowStructBreakPrice and highStructBreakPrice will be the closing price (close) or the Low/High price, depending on the isStructBodyCandleBreak setting.isStuctureLowBroken / isStructureHighBroken: These conditions check if the price has broken structureLow or structureHigh, considering the break price, previous bar prices, and the Bar Index of the structure's starting point.Choch/BoS Logic (Key Integration with MACD):if(isStuctureLowBroken and is_bearish_macd_cross): This is where MACD plays a role. If the price breaks structureLow (bearish signal) AND the MACD Histogram performs a Bearish Zero Cross (is_bearish_macd_cross is true), the indicator will consider it a Choch or BoS.If structureDirection == 1 (previously bullish) or 0 (undefined), it will be labeled "CHoCH" (changing structure direction to bearish).If structureDirection == 2 (already bearish), it will be labeled "BOS" (confirming bearish structure).line.new and label.new are used to draw the line and label.structureDirection will be updated to 1 (Bullish).structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow will be updated to define the new structure.else if(isStructureHighBroken and is_bullish_macd_cross): Similarly for bullish breaks. If the price breaks structureHigh (bullish signal) AND the MACD Histogram performs a Bullish Zero Cross (is_bullish_macd_cross is true), the indicator will consider it a Choch or BoS.If structureDirection == 2 (previously bearish) or 0 (undefined), it will be labeled "CHoCH" (changing structure direction to bullish).If structureDirection == 1 (already bullish), it will be labeled "BOS" (confirming bullish structure).line.new and label.new are used to draw the line and label.structureDirection will be updated to 2 (Bearish).structureHighStartIndex, structureLowStartIndex, structureHigh, structureLow will be updated to define the new structure.Deleting Old Lines: d.delete_line (if the library works) will be called to delete old lines and labels when their number exceeds structHistoryNbr.Updating Structure High/Low (else block): If no break occurs, but the current price is higher than structureHigh or lower than structureLow in the corresponding direction (e.g., still bullish and making a new high), structureHigh or structureLow will be updated to track the highest/lowest point of the current structure.Current Structure Display:If isCurrentStructToShow is true, the indicator draws structureHighLine and structureLowLine to show the boundaries of the current market structure.Fibonacci Display:If isFiboXToShow is true, the indicator calculates and draws various Fibonacci Levels (0.786, 0.705, 0.618, 0.5, 0.382) based on the structureHigh and structureLow of the current market structure.Alerts:alertcondition: Used to set up alerts in TradingView when BOS or CHOCH signals occur.plot(na):plot(na) is an important statement in indicators that do not plot data series directly on the chart (e.g., not plotting EMA or RSI lines) but instead draw objects (Line, Label, Box).Having plot(na) helps Pine Script recognize that this indicator has an output displayed on the chart, even if it's not a regularly plotted series.3. How to UseCopy all the code in the immersive block above.Go to TradingView and open your desired chart.Click on the "Pine Editor" menu at the bottom of the screen.Delete any existing code and paste the copied code in its place.Click the "Add to Chart" button.The indicator will be added to your chart automatically. You can click the gear icon next to the indicator's name on the chart to access the settings window and customize it to your needs.I hope this explanation helps you understand this indicator in detail. If anything is unclear, or you need further adjustments, please let me know.

Pine Script® indicator

Volume Footprint Anomaly Scanner [PhenLabs]📊 PhenLabs - Volume Footprint Anomaly Scanner (VFAS) Version: PineScript™ v6 📌 Description The PhenLabs Volume Footprint Anomaly Scanner (VFAS) is an advanced Pine Script indicator designed to detect and highlight significant imbalances in buying and selling pressure within individual price bars. By analyzing a calculated "Delta" – the net difference between estimated buy and sell volume – and employing statistical Z-score analysis, VFAS pinpoints moments when buying or selling activity becomes unusually dominant. This script was created not in hopes of creating a "Buy and Sell" indicator but rather providing the user with a more in-depth insight into the intrabar volume delta and how it can fluctuate in unusual ways, leading to anomalies that can be capitalized on. This indicator helps traders identify high-conviction points where strong market participants are active, signaling potential shifts in momentum or continuation of a trend. It aims to provide a clearer understanding of underlying market dynamics, allowing for more informed decision-making in various trading strategies, from identifying entry points to confirming trend strength. 🚀 Points of Innovation ● Z-Score for Delta Analysis : Utilizes statistical Z-scores to objectively identify statistically significant anomalies in buying/selling pressure, moving beyond simple, arbitrary thresholds. ● Dynamic Confidence Scoring : Assigns a multi-star confidence rating (1-4 stars) to each signal, factoring in high volume, trend alignment, and specific confirmation criteria, providing a nuanced view of signal strength. ● Integrated Trend Filtering : Offers an optional Exponential Moving Average (EMA)-based trend filter to ensure signals align with the broader market direction, reducing false positives in ranging markets. ● Strict Confirmation Logic : Implements specific confirmation criteria for higher-confidence signals, including price action and a time-based gap from previous signals, enhancing reliability. ● Intuitive Info Dashboard : Provides a real-time summary of market trend and the latest signal's direction and confidence directly on the chart, streamlining information access. 🔧 Core Components ● Core Delta Engine : Estimates the net buying/selling pressure (bar Delta) by analyzing price movement within each bar relative to volume. It also calculates average volume to identify bars with unusually high activity. ● Anomaly Detection (Z-Score) : Computes the Z-score for the current bar's Delta, indicating how many standard deviations it is from its recent average. This statistical measure is central to identifying significant anomalies. ● Trend Filter : Utilizes a dual Exponential Moving Average (EMA) cross-over system to define the prevailing market trend (uptrend, downtrend, or range), providing contextual awareness. ● Signal Processing & Confidence Algorithm : Evaluates anomaly conditions against trend filters and confirmation rules, then calculates a dynamic confidence score to produce actionable, contextualized signal information. 🔥 Key Features ● Advanced Delta Anomaly Detection : Pinpoints bars with exceptionally high buying or selling pressure, indicating potential institutional activity or strong market conviction. ● Multi-Factor Confidence Scoring : Each signal comes with a 1-4 star rating, clearly communicating its reliability based on high volume, trend alignment, and specific confirmation criteria. ● Optional Trend Alignment : Users can choose to filter signals, so only those aligned with the prevailing EMA-defined trend are displayed, enhancing signal quality. ● Interactive Signal Labels : Displays compact labels on the chart at anomaly points, offering detailed tooltips upon hover, including signal type, direction, confidence, and contextual information. ● Customizable Bar Colors : Visually highlights bars with Delta anomalies, providing an immediate visual cue for strong buying or selling activity. ● Real-time Info Dashboard : A clean, customizable dashboard shows the current market trend and details of the latest detected signal, keeping key information accessible at a glance. ● Configurable Alerts : Set up alerts for bullish or bearish Delta anomalies to receive real-time notifications when significant market pressure shifts occur. 🎨 Visualization Signal Labels : * Placed at the top/bottom of anomaly bars, showing a "📈" (bullish) or "📉" (bearish) icon. * Tooltip: Hovering over a label reveals detailed information: Signal Type (e.g., "Delta Anomaly"), Direction, Confidence (e.g., "★★★☆"), and a descriptive explanation of the anomaly. * Interpretation: Clearly marks actionable signals and provides deep insights without cluttering the chart, enabling quick assessment of signal strength and context. ● Info Dashboard : * Located at the top-right of the chart, providing a clean summary. * Displays: "PhenLabs - VFAS" header, "Market Trend" (Uptrend/Downtrend/Range with color-coded status), and "Direction | Conf." (showing the last signal's direction and star confidence). * Optional "💡 Hover over signals for details" reminder. * Interpretation: A concise, real-time summary of the market's pulse and the most recent high-conviction event, helping traders stay informed at a glance. 📖 Usage Guidelines Setting Categories ⚙️ Core Delta & Volume Engine ● Minimum Volume Lookback (Bars) ○ Default: 9 ○ Range: Integer (e.g., 5-50) ○ Description: Defines the number of preceding bars used to calculate the average volume and delta. Bars with volume below this average won't be considered for high-volume signals. A shorter lookback is more reactive to recent changes, while a longer one provides a smoother average. 📈 Anomaly Detection Settings Delta Z-Score Anomaly Threshold ○ Default: 2.5 ○ Range: Float (e.g., 1.0-5.0+) ○ Description: The number of standard deviations from the mean that a bar's delta must exceed to be considered a significant anomaly. A higher threshold means fewer, but potentially stronger, signals. A lower threshold will generate more signals, which might include less significant events. Experiment to find the optimal balance for your trading style. 🔬 Context Filters Enable Trend Filter ○ Default: False ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: When enabled, signals will only be generated if they align with the current market trend as determined by the EMAs (e.g., only bullish signals in an uptrend, bearish in a downtrend). This helps to filter out counter-trend noise. ● Trend EMA Fast ○ Default: 50 ○ Range: Integer (e.g., 10-100) ○ Description: The period for the faster Exponential Moving Average used in the trend filter. In combination with the slow EMA, it defines the trend direction. ● Trend EMA Slow ○ Default: 200 ○ Range: Integer (e.g., 100-400) ○ Description: The period for the slower Exponential Moving Average used in the trend filter. The relationship between the fast and slow EMA determines if the market is in an uptrend (fast > slow) or downtrend (fast < slow). 🎨 Visual & UI Settings ● Show Info Dashboard ○ Default: True ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: Toggles the visibility of the dashboard on the chart, which provides a summary of market trend and the last detected signal. ● Show Dashboard Tooltip ○ Default: True ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: Toggles a reminder message in the dashboard to hover over signal labels for more detailed information. ● Show Delta Anomaly Bar Colors ○ Default: True ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: Enables or disables the coloring of bars based on their delta direction and whether they represent a significant anomaly. ● Show Signal Labels ○ Default: True ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: Controls the visibility of the “📈” or “📉” labels that appear on the chart when a delta anomaly signal is generated. 🔔 Alert Settings Alert on Delta Anomaly ○ Default: True ○ Range: Boolean (True/False) ○ Description: When enabled, this setting allows you to set up alerts in TradingView that will trigger whenever a new bullish or bearish delta anomaly is detected. ✅ Best Use Cases Early Trend Reversal / Continuation Detection: Identify strong surges of buying/selling pressure at key support/resistance levels that could indicate a reversal or the continuation of a strong move. ● Confirmation of Breakouts: Use high-confidence delta anomalies to confirm the validity of price breakouts, indicating strong conviction behind the move. ● Entry and Exit Points: Pinpoint precise entry opportunities when anomalies align with your trading strategy, or identify potential exhaustion signals for exiting trades. ● Scalping and Day Trading: The indicator’s sensitivity to intraday buying/selling imbalances makes it highly effective for short-term trading strategies. ● Market Sentiment Analysis: Gain a real-time understanding of underlying market sentiment by observing the prevalence and strength of bullish vs. bearish anomalies. ⚠️ Limitations Estimated Delta: The script uses a simplified method to estimate delta based on bar close relative to its range, not actual order book or footprint data. While effective, it’s an approximation. ● Sensitivity to Z-Score Threshold: The effectiveness heavily relies on the `Delta Z-Score Anomaly Threshold`. Too low, and you’ll get many false positives; too high, and you might miss valid signals. ● Confirmation Criteria: The 4-star confidence level’s “confirmation” relies on specific subsequent bar conditions and previous confirmed signals, which might be too strict or specific for all contexts. ● Requires Context: While powerful, VFAS is best used in conjunction with other technical analysis tools and price action to form a comprehensive trading strategy. It is not a standalone “buy/sell” signal. 💡 What Makes This Unique Statistical Rigor: The application of Z-score analysis to bar delta provides an objective, statistically-driven way to identify true anomalies, moving beyond arbitrary thresholds. ● Multi-Factor Confidence Scoring: The unique 1-4 star confidence system integrates multiple market dynamics (volume, trend alignment, specific follow-through) into a single, easy-to-interpret rating. ● User-Friendly Design: From the intuitive dashboard to the detailed signal tooltips, the indicator prioritizes clear and accessible information for traders of all experience levels. 🔬 How It Works 1. Bar Delta Calculation: ● The script first estimates the “buy volume” and “sell volume” for each bar. This is done by assuming that volume proportional to the distance from the low to the close represents buying, and volume proportional to the distance from the high to the close represents selling. ● How this contributes: This provides a proxy for the net buying or selling pressure (delta) within that specific price bar, even without access to actual footprint data. 2. Volume & Delta Z-Score Analysis: ● The average volume over a user-defined lookback period is calculated. Bars with volume less than twice this average are generally considered of lower interest. ● The Z-score for the calculated bar delta is computed. The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the current bar’s delta is from its average delta over the `Minimum Volume Lookback` period. ● How this contributes: A high positive Z-score indicates a bullish delta anomaly (significantly more buying than usual), while a high negative Z-score indicates a bearish delta anomaly (significantly more selling than usual). This identifies statistically unusual levels of pressure. 3. Trend Filtering (Optional): ● Two Exponential Moving Averages (Fast and Slow EMA) are used to determine the prevailing market trend. An uptrend is identified when the Fast EMA is above the Slow EMA, and a downtrend when the Fast EMA is below the Slow EMA. ● How this contributes: If enabled, the indicator will only display bullish delta anomalies during an uptrend and bearish delta anomalies during a downtrend, helping to confirm signals within the broader market context and avoid counter-trend signals. 4. Signal Generation & Confidence Scoring: ● When a delta Z-score exceeds the user-defined anomaly threshold, a signal is generated. ● This signal is then passed through a multi-factor confidence algorithm (`f_calculateConfidence`). It awards stars based on: high volume presence, alignment with the overall trend (if enabled), and a fourth star for very strong Z-scores (above 3.0) combined with specific follow-through candle patterns after a cooling-off period from a previous confirmed signal. ● How this contributes: Provides a qualitative rating (1-4 stars) for each anomaly, allowing traders to quickly assess the potential significance and reliability of the signal. 💡 Note: The PhenLabs Volume Footprint Anomaly Scanner is a powerful analytical tool, but it’s crucial to understand that no indicator guarantees profit. Always backtest and forward-test the indicator settings on your chosen assets and timeframes. Consider integrating VFAS with your existing trading strategy, using its signals as confirmation for entries, exits, or trend bias. The Z-score threshold is highly customizable; lower values will yield more signals (including potential noise), while higher values will provide fewer but potentially higher-conviction signals. Adjust this parameter based on market volatility and your risk tolerance. Remember to combine statistical insights from VFAS with price action, support/resistance levels, and your overall market outlook for optimal results.

Pine Script® indicator

Uptrick: Z-Trend Bands Overview Uptrick: Z-Trend Bands is a Pine Script overlay crafted to capture high-probability mean-reversion opportunities. It dynamically plots upper and lower statistical bands around an EMA baseline by converting price deviations into z-scores. Once price moves outside these bands and then reenters, the indicator verifies that momentum is genuinely reversing via an EMA-smoothed RSI slope. Signal memory ensures only one entry per momentum swing, and traders receive clear, real-time feedback through customizable bar-coloring modes, a semi-transparent fill highlighting the statistical zone, concise “Up”/“Down” labels, and a live five-metric scoring table. Introduction Markets often oscillate between trending and reverting, and simple thresholds or static envelopes frequently misfire when volatility shifts. Standard deviation quantifies how “wide” recent price moves have been, and a z-score transforms each deviation into a measure of how rare it is relative to its own history. By anchoring these bands to an exponential moving average, the script maintains a fluid statistical envelope that adapts instantly to both calm and turbulent regimes. Meanwhile, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) tracks momentum; smoothing RSI with an EMA and observing its slope filters out erratic spikes, ensuring that only genuine momentum flips—upward for longs and downward for shorts—qualify. Purpose This indicator is purpose-built for short-term mean-reversion traders operating on lower–timeframe charts. It reveals when price has strayed into the outer 5 percent of its recent range, signaling an increased likelihood of a bounce back toward fair value. Rather than firing on price alone, it demands that momentum follow suit: the smoothed RSI slope must flip in the opposite direction before any trade marker appears. This dual-filter approach dramatically reduces noise-driven, false setups. Traders then see immediate visual confirmation—bar colors that reflect the latest signal and age over time, clear entry labels, and an always-visible table of metric scores—so they can gauge both the validity and freshness of each signal at a glance. Originality and Uniqueness Uptrick: Z-Trend Bands stands apart from typical envelope or oscillator tools in four key ways. First, it employs fully normalized z-score bands, meaning ±2 always captures roughly the top and bottom 5 percent of moves, regardless of volatility regime. Second, it insists on two simultaneous conditions—price reentry into the bands and a confirming RSI slope flip—dramatically reducing whipsaw signals. Third, it uses slope-phase memory to lock out duplicate signals until momentum truly reverses again, enforcing disciplined entries. Finally, it offers four distinct bar-coloring schemes (solid reversal, fading reversal, exceeding bands, and classic heatmap) plus a dynamic scoring table, rather than a single, opaque alert, giving traders deep insight into every layer of analysis. Why Each Component Was Picked The EMA baseline was chosen for its blend of responsiveness—weighting recent price heavily—and smoothness, which filters market noise. Z-score deviation bands standardize price extremes relative to their own history, adapting automatically to shifting volatility so that “extreme” always means statistically rare. The RSI, smoothed with an EMA before slope calculation, captures true momentum shifts without the false spikes that raw RSI often produces. Slope-phase memory flags prevent repeated alerts within a single swing, curbing over-trading in choppy conditions. Bar-coloring modes provide flexible visual contexts—whether you prefer to track the latest reversal, see signal age, highlight every breakout, or view a continuous gradient—and the scoring table breaks down all five core checks for complete transparency. Features This indicator offers a suite of configurable visual and logical tools designed to make reversal signals both robust and transparent: Dynamic z-score bands that expand or contract in real time to reflect current volatility regimes, ensuring the outer ±zThreshold levels always represent statistically rare extremes. A smooth EMA baseline that weights recent price more heavily, serving as a fair-value anchor around which deviations are measured. EMA-smoothed RSI slope confirmation, which filters out erratic momentum spikes by first smoothing raw RSI and then requiring its bar-to-bar slope to flip before any signal is allowed. Slope-phase memory logic that locks out duplicate buy or sell markers until the RSI slope crosses back through zero, preventing over-trading during choppy swings. Four distinct bar-coloring modes—Reversal Solid, Reversal Fade, Exceeding Bands, Classic Heat—plus a “None” option, so traders can choose whether to highlight the latest signal, show signal age, emphasize breakout bars, or view a continuous heat gradient within the bands. A semi-transparent fill between the EMA and the upper/lower bands that visually frames the statistical zone and makes extremes immediately obvious. Concise “Up” and “Down” labels that plot exactly when price re-enters a band with confirming momentum, keeping chart clutter to a minimum. A real-time, five-metric scoring table (z-score, RSI slope, price vs. EMA, trend state, re-entry) that updates every two bars, displaying individual +1/–1/0 scores and an averaged Buy/Sell/Neutral verdict for complete transparency. Calculations Compute the fair-value EMA over fairLen bars. Subtract that EMA from current price each bar to derive the raw deviation. Over zLen bars, calculate the rolling mean and standard deviation of those deviations. Convert each deviation into a z-score by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. Plot the upper and lower bands at ±zThreshold × standard deviation around the EMA. Calculate raw RSI over rsiLen bars, then smooth it with an EMA of length rsiEmaLen. Derive the RSI slope by taking the difference between the current and previous smoothed RSI. Detect a potential reentry when price exits one of the bands on the prior bar and re-enters on the current bar. Require that reentry coincide with an RSI slope flip (positive for a lower-band reentry, negative for an upper-band reentry). On first valid reentry per momentum swing, fire a buy or sell signal and set a memory flag; reset that flag only when the RSI slope crosses back through zero. For each bar, assign scores of +1, –1, or 0 for the z-score direction, RSI slope, price vs. EMA, trend-state, and reentry status. Average those five scores; if the result exceeds +0.1, label “Buy,” if below –0.1, label “Sell,” otherwise “Neutral.” Update bar colors, the semi-transparent fill, reversal labels, and the scoring table every two bars to reflect the latest calculations. How It Actually Works On each new candle, the EMA baseline and band widths update to reflect current volatility. The RSI is smoothed and its slope recalculated. The script then looks back one bar to see if price exited either band and forward to see if it reentered. If that reentry coincides with an appropriate RSI slope flip—and no signal has yet been generated in that swing—a concise label appears. Bar colors refresh according to your selected mode, and the scoring table updates to show which of the five conditions passed or failed, along with the overall verdict. This process repeats seamlessly at each bar, giving traders a continuous feed of disciplined, statistically filtered reversal cues. Inputs All parameters are fully user-configurable, allowing you to tailor sensitivity, lookbacks, and visuals to your trading style: EMA length (fairLen): number of bars for the fair-value EMA; higher values smooth more but lag further behind price. Z-Score lookback (zLen): window for calculating the mean and standard deviation of price deviations; longer lookbacks reduce noise but respond more slowly to new volatility. Z-Score threshold (zThreshold): number of standard deviations defining the upper and lower bands; common default is 2.0 for roughly the outer 5 percent of moves. Source (src): choice of price series (close, hl2, etc.) used for EMA, deviation, and RSI calculations. RSI length (rsiLen): period for raw RSI calculation; shorter values react faster to momentum changes but can be choppier. RSI EMA length (rsiEmaLen): period for smoothing raw RSI before taking its slope; higher values filter more noise. Bar coloring mode (colorMode): select from None, Reversal Solid, Reversal Fade, Exceeding Bands, or Classic Heat to control how bars are shaded in relation to signals and band positions. Show signals (showSignals): toggle on-chart “Up” and “Down” labels for reversal entries. Show scoring table (enableTable): toggle the display of the five-metric breakdown table. Table position (tablePos): choose which corner (Top Left, Top Right, Bottom Left, Bottom Right) hosts the scoring table. Conclusion By merging a normalized z-score framework, momentum slope confirmation, disciplined signal memory, flexible visuals, and transparent scoring into one Pine Script overlay, Uptrick: Z-Trend Bands offers a powerful yet intuitive tool for intraday mean-reversion trading. Its adaptability to real-time volatility and multi-layered filter logic deliver clear, high-confidence reversal cues without the clutter or confusion of simpler indicators. Disclaimer This indicator is provided solely for educational and informational purposes. It does not constitute financial advice. Trading involves substantial risk and may not be suitable for all investors. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Always conduct your own testing and apply careful risk management before trading live.

Pine Script® indicator

Uptrick: Z-Score Flow Overview Uptrick: Z-Score Flow is a technical indicator that integrates trend-sensitive momentum analysi s with mean-reversion logic derived from Z-Score calculations. Its primary objective is to identify market conditions where price has either stretched too far from its mean (overbought or oversold) or sits at a statistically “normal” range, and then cross-reference this observation with trend direction and RSI-based momentum signals. The result is a more contextual approach to trade entry and exit, emphasizing precision, clarity, and adaptability across varying market regimes. Introduction Financial instruments frequently transition between trending modes, where price extends strongly in one direction, and ranging modes, where price oscillates around a central value. A simple statistical measure like Z-Score can highlight price extremes by comparing the current price against its historical mean and standard deviation. However, such extremes alone can be misleading if the broader market structure is trending forcefully. Uptrick: Z-Score Flow aims to solve this gap by combining Z-Score with an exponential moving average (EMA) trend filter and a smoothed RSI momentum check, thus filtering out signals that contradict the prevailing market environment. Purpose The purpose of this script is to help traders pinpoint both mean-reversion opportunities and trend-based pullbacks in a way that is statistically grounded yet still mindful of overarching price action. By pairing Z-Score thresholds with supportive conditions, the script reduces the likelihood of acting on random price spikes or dips and instead focuses on movements that are significant within both historical and current contextual frameworks. Originality and Uniquness Layered Signal Verification: Signals require the fulfillment of multiple layers (Z-Score extreme, EMA trend bias, and RSI momentum posture) rather than merely breaching a statistical threshold. RSI Zone Lockout: Once RSI enters an overbought/oversold zone and triggers a signal, the script locks out subsequent signals until RSI recovers above or below those zones, limiting back-to-back triggers. Controlled Cooldown: A dedicated cooldown mechanic ensures that the script waits a specified number of bars before issuing a new signal in the opposite direction. Gradient-Based Visualization: Distinct gradient fills between price and the Z-Mean line enhance readability, showing at a glance whether price is trading above or below its statistical average. Comprehensive Metrics Panel: An optional on-chart table summarizes the Z-Score’s key metrics, streamlining the process of verifying current statistical extremes, mean levels, and momentum directions. Why these indicators were merged Z-Score measurements excel at identifying when price deviates from its mean, but they do not intrinsically reveal whether the market’s trajectory supports a reversion or if price might continue along its trend. The EMA, commonly used for spotting trend directions, offers valuable insight into whether price is predominantly ascending or descending. However, relying solely on a trend filter overlooks the intensity of price moves. RSI then adds a dedicated measure of momentum, helping confirm if the market’s energy aligns with a potential reversal (for example, price is statistically low but RSI suggests looming upward momentum). By uniting these three lenses—Z-Score for statistical context, EMA for trend direction, and RSI for momentum force—the script offers a more comprehensive and adaptable system, aiming to avoid false positives caused by focusing on just one aspect of price behavior. Calculations The core calculation begins with a simple moving average (SMA) of price over zLen bars, referred to as the basis. Next, the script computes the standard deviation of price over the same window. Dividing the difference between the current price and the basis by this standard deviation produces the Z-Score, indicating how many standard deviations the price is from its mean. A positive Z-Score reveals price is above its average; a negative reading indicates the opposite. To detect overall market direction, the script calculates an exponential moving average (emaTrend) over emaTrendLen bars. If price is above this EMA, the script deems the market bullish; if below, it’s considered bearish. For momentum confirmation, the script computes a standard RSI over rsiLen bars, then applies a smoothing EMA over rsiEmaLen bars. This smoothed RSI (rsiEma) is monitored for both its absolute level (oversold or overbought) and its slope (the difference between the current and previous value). Finally, slopeIndex determines how many bars back the script compares the basis to check whether the Z-Mean line is generally rising, falling, or flat, which then informs the coloring scheme on the chart. Calculations and Rational Simple Moving Average for Baseline: An SMA is used for the core mean because it places equal weight on each bar in the lookback period. This helps maintain a straightforward interpretation of overbought or oversold conditions in the context of a uniform historical average. Standard Deviation for Volatility: Standard deviation measures the variability of the data around the mean. By dividing price’s difference from the mean by this value, the Z-Score can highlight whether price is unusually stretched given typical volatility. Exponential Moving Average for Trend: Unlike an SMA, an EMA places more emphasis on recent data, reacting quicker to new price developments. This quicker response helps the script promptly identify trend shifts, which can be crucial for filtering out signals that go against a strong directional move. RSI for Momentum Confirmation: RSI is an oscillator that gauges price movement strength by comparing average gains to average losses over a set period. By further smoothing this RSI with another EMA, short-lived oscillations become less influential, making signals more robust. SlopeIndex for Slope-Based Coloring: To clarify whether the market’s central tendency is rising or falling, the script compares the basis now to its level slopeIndex bars ago. A higher current reading indicates an upward slope; a lower reading, a downward slope; and similar readings, a flat slope. This is visually represented on the chart, providing an immediate sense of the directionality. Inputs zLen (Z-Score Period) Specifies how many bars to include for computing the SMA and standard deviation that form the basis of the Z-Score calculation. Larger values produce smoother but slower signals; smaller values catch quick changes but may generate noise. emaTrendLen (EMA Trend Filter) Sets the length of the EMA used to detect the market’s primary direction. This is pivotal for distinguishing whether signals should be considered (price aligning with an uptrend or downtrend) or filtered out. rsiLen (RSI Length) Defines the window for the initial RSI calculation. This RSI, when combined with the subsequent smoothing EMA, forms the foundation for momentum-based signal confirmations. rsiEmaLen (EMA of RSI Period) Applies an exponential moving average over the RSI readings for additional smoothing. This step helps mitigate rapid RSI fluctuations that might otherwise produce whipsaw signals. zBuyLevel (Z-Score Buy Threshold) Determines how negative the Z-Score must be for the script to consider a potential oversold signal. If the Z-Score dives below this threshold (and other criteria are met), a buy signal is generated. zSellLevel (Z-Score Sell Threshold) Determines how positive the Z-Score must be for a potential overbought signal. If the Z-Score surpasses this threshold (and other checks are satisfied), a sell signal is generated. cooldownBars (Cooldown (Bars)) Enforces a bar-based delay between opposite signals. Once a buy signal has fired, the script must wait the specified number of bars before registering a new sell signal, and vice versa. slopeIndex (Slope Sensitivity (Bars)) Specifies how many bars back the script compares the current basis for slope coloration. A bigger slopeIndex highlights larger directional trends, while a smaller number emphasizes shorter-term shifts. showMeanLine (Show Z-Score Mean Line) Enables or disables the plotting of the Z-Mean and its slope-based coloring. Traders who prefer minimal chart clutter may turn this off while still retaining signals. Features Statistical Core (Z-Score Detection): This feature computes the Z-Score by taking the difference between the current price and the basis (SMA) and dividing by the standard deviation. In effect, it translates price fluctuations into a standardized measure that reveals how significant a move is relative to the typical variation seen over the lookback. When the Z-Score crosses predefined thresholds (zBuyLevel for oversold and zSellLevel for overbought), it signals that price could be at an extreme. How It Works: On each bar, the script updates the SMA and standard deviation. The Z-Score is then refreshed accordingly. Traders can interpret particularly large negative or positive Z-Score values as scenarios where price is abnormally low or high. EMA Trend Filter: An EMA over emaTrendLen bars is used to classify the market as bullish if the price is above it and bearish if the price is below it. This classification is applied to the Z-Score signals, accepting them only when they align with the broader price direction. How It Works: If the script detects a Z-Score below zBuyLevel, it further checks if price is actually in a downtrend (below EMA) before issuing a buy signal. This might seem counterintuitive, but a “downtrend” environment plus an oversold reading often signals a potential bounce or a mean-reversion play. Conversely, for sell signals, the script checks if the market is in an uptrend first. If it is, an overbought reading aligns with potential profit-taking. RSI Momentum Confirmation with Oversold/Overbought Lockout: RSI is calculated over rsiLen, then smoothed by an EMA over rsiEmaLen. If this smoothed RSI dips below a certain threshold (for example, 30) and then begins to slope upward, the indicator treats it as a potential sign of recovering momentum. Similarly, if RSI climbs above a certain threshold (for instance, 70) and starts to slope downward, that suggests dwindling momentum. Additionally, once RSI is in these zones, the indicator locks out repetitive signals until RSI fully exits and re-enters those extreme territories. How It Works: Each bar, the script measures whether RSI has dropped below the oversold threshold (like 30) and has a positive slope. If it does, the buy side is considered “unlocked.” For sell signals, RSI must exceed an overbought threshold (70) and slope downward. The combination of threshold and slope helps confirm that a reversal is genuinely in progress instead of issuing signals while momentum remains weak or stuck in extremes. Cooldown Mechanism: The script features a custom bar-based cooldown that prevents issuing new signals in the opposite direction immediately after one is triggered. This helps avoid whipsaw situations where the market quickly flips from oversold to overbought or vice versa. How It Works: When a buy signal fires, the indicator notes the bar index. If the Z-Score and RSI conditions later suggest a sell, the script compares the current bar index to the last buy signal’s bar index. If the difference is within cooldownBars, the signal is disallowed. This ensures a predefined “quiet period” before switching signals. Slope-Based Coloring (Z-Mean Line and Shadow): The script compares the current basis value to its value slopeIndex bars ago. A higher reading now indicates a generally upward slope, while a lower reading indicates a downward slope. The script then shades the Z-Mean line in a corresponding bullish or bearish color, or remains neutral if little change is detected. How It Works: This slope calculation is refreshingly straightforward: basis – basis . If the result is positive, the line is colored bullish; if negative, it is colored bearish; if approximately zero, it remains neutral. This provides a quick visual cue of the medium-term directional bias. Gradient Overlays: With gradient fills, the script highlights where price stands in relation to the Z-Mean. When price is above the basis, a purple-shaded region is painted, visually indicating a “bearish zone” for potential overbought conditions. When price is below, a teal-like overlay is used, suggesting a “bullish zone” for potential oversold conditions. How It Works: Each bar, the script checks if price is above or below the basis. It then applies a fill between close and basis, using distinct colors to show whether the market is trading above or below its mean. This creates an immediate sense of how extended the market might be. Buy and Sell Labels (with Alerts): When a legitimate buy or sell condition passes every check (Z-Score threshold, EMA trend alignment, RSI gating, and cooldown clearance), the script plots a corresponding label directly on the chart. It also fires an alert (if alerts are set up), making it convenient for traders who want timely notifications. How It Works: If rawBuy or rawSell conditions are met (refined by RSI, EMA trend, and cooldown constraints), the script calls the respective plot function to paint an arrow label on the chart. Alerts are triggered simultaneously, carrying easily recognizable messages. Metrics Table: The optional on-chart table (activated by showMetrics) presents real-time Z-Score data, including the current Z-Score, its rolling mean, the maximum and minimum Z-Score values observed over the last zLen bars, a percentile position, and a short-term directional note (rising, falling, or flat). Current – The present Z-Score reading Mean – Average Z-Score over the zLen period Min/Max – Lowest and highest Z-Score values within zLen Position – Where the current Z-Score sits between the min and max (as a percentile) Trend – Whether the Z-Score is increasing, decreasing, or flat Conclusion Uptrick: Z-Score Flow offers a versatile solution for traders who need a statistically informed perspective on price extremes combined with practical checks for overall trend and momentum. By leveraging a well-defined combination of Z-Score, EMA trend classification, RSI-based momentum gating, slope-based visualization, and a cooldown mechanic, the script reduces the occurrence of false or premature signals. Its gradient fills and optional metrics table contribute further clarity, ensuring that users can quickly assess market posture and make more confident trading decisions in real time. Disclaimer This script is intended solely for informational and educational purposes. Trading in any financial market comes with substantial risk, and there is no guarantee of success or the avoidance of loss. Historical performance does not ensure future results. Always conduct thorough research and consider professional guidance prior to making any investment or trading decisions.

Pine Script® indicator

ADR Nivele Horizontale dhe EMA The user provided a Pine Script code for an indicator called "ADR Nivele Horizontale dhe EMA". The task is to explain how this code works. Hmm, first, I need to understand what this indicator does. The title mentions ADR levels and EMA, so it's probably combining horizontal lines based on Average Daily Range and some Exponential Moving Averages. Looking at the code, the first part is the indicator declaration with version 6. The settings include an ADR period, levels above and below the mid, and line style. Then there's a section for calculations. They request daily high and low to compute the daily range. The ADR is the SMA of the daily range over the specified period. The mid is the average of daily high and low. The adr_val is half of ADR, maybe to create symmetrical levels around the mid. Next, they create arrays for lines and labels above and below the mid. The loops go from 1 to levels_above/below, calculate each level, draw lines and labels. The mid line is also drawn with a different color. Then, there are several EMAs plotted: 13, 50, 200, 400, 600, 800, each with different colorsWait, but in Pine Script, when you use arrays to store lines and labels, you have to manage them properly to avoid repainting or memory issues. The code uses array.concat to add new lines and labels each bar. However, since this code is running on each bar, the for loops might be creating multiple lines each time, leading to too many objects. Oh right, but they use var to initialize the arrays, so they are only initialized once. Wait, no. The var keyword initializes the variable once, but in each iteration, they are concatenating new lines. Wait, no: the for loops are inside the main script, which runs on each bar. So every time a new bar is processed, the loops will run again, adding new lines and labels. That's a problem because each bar would create new lines, leading to an ever-increasing number of lines, which could hit the maximum limit (max_lines_count is set to 20, but maybe they have more bars). Oh, the indicator has max_lines_count=20, but the code might be creating multiple lines per bar. So maybe the code isn't handling the line management correctly. For example, if levels_above is 2, then each bar would create 2 new lines above and 2 below, plus the mid line. Over 20 bars, that's way over 20 lines. So this could cause the indicator to stop drawing after 20 lines. The user might not have realized that the lines are being recreated every bar, leading to a buildup. But perhaps the original code intended to have the lines update each bar, extending to the current bar. Let's see: in line.new, they use bar_index as the starting x1 and bar_index as x2. So each line is drawn from the previous bar's index to the current one. But since this is done on every bar, each line is only one bar long. Wait, no. Because on each new bar, the code creates a new line from the previous bar's index (bar_index , which is now the bar before the current one) to the current bar_index. So each line is just a segment from the previous bar to the current bar. But when the next bar comes, a new line is created again. So the result is that each level line is a series of one-bar-length segments, which might not be intended. The user probably wants continuous lines that extend from the left to the right, not just per bar. So this approach is incorrect. The correct way would be to have a line that starts at the first bar of the calculation and extends to the right, updating each bar. But the current code creates a new line each bar, leading to multiple short lines instead of one continuous line. That's a mistake. So the main issue here is that the code is generating a new line segment for each bar, which is not efficient and would quickly hit the line limit. To fix this, instead of creating a new line every bar, they should create the line once and then update its position each bar. But in Pine Script, you can't directly update a line after it's created; instead, you need to track the line ID and use line.set_xy() to extend it. However, the current code uses array.concat to add new lines each bar, which isn't the right approach. Therefore, the code as written will create multiple short lines instead of continuous horizontal lines. The correct approach for horizontal levels that extend to the right is to create the line once, starting at a certain bar and extending indefinitely, or to update the line's end point each new bar. But in Pine Script, you can't extend lines infinitely; you have to manage them each bar. Alternatively, using the 'line.extend' style might help, but I think the original code's logic is flawed here. Additionally, the EMA part is straightforward: plotting multiple EMAs with different periods. That part should work as expected. So the explanation should mention that the ADR levels are calculated based on the daily high and low, then the code attempts to draw horizontal lines above and below the mid-point. However, the way the lines are drawn may lead to multiple short segments instead of continuous lines, potentially causing performance issues or hitting the maximum line count. The EMAs are plotted correctly with various periods..

Pine Script® indicator

Updated

real_time_candles Introduction The Real-Time Candles Library provides comprehensive tools for creating, manipulating, and visualizing custom timeframe candles in Pine Script. Unlike standard indicators that only update at bar close, this library enables real-time visualization of price action and indicators within the current bar, offering traders unprecedented insight into market dynamics as they unfold. This library addresses a fundamental limitation in traditional technical analysis: the inability to see how indicators evolve between bar closes. By implementing sophisticated real-time data processing techniques, traders can now observe indicator movements, divergences, and trend changes as they develop, potentially identifying trading opportunities much earlier than with conventional approaches. Key Features The library supports two primary candle generation approaches: Chart-Time Candles: Generate real-time OHLC data for any variable (like RSI, MACD, etc.) while maintaining synchronization with chart bars. Custom Timeframe (CTF) Candles: Create candles with custom time intervals or tick counts completely independent of the chart's native timeframe. Both approaches support traditional candlestick and Heikin-Ashi visualization styles, with options for moving average overlays to smooth the data. Configuration Requirements For optimal performance with this library: Set max_bars_back = 5000 in your script settings When using CTF drawing functions, set max_lines_count = 500, max_boxes_count = 500, and max_labels_count = 500 These settings ensure that you will be able to draw correctly and will avoid any runtime errors. Usage Examples Basic Chart-Time Candle Visualization // Create real-time candles for RSI float rsi = ta.rsi(close, 14) Candle rsi_candle = candle_series(rsi, CandleType.candlestick) // Plot the candles using Pine's built-in function plotcandle(rsi_candle.Open, rsi_candle.High, rsi_candle.Low, rsi_candle.Close, "RSI Candles", rsi_candle.candle_color, rsi_candle.candle_color) Multiple Access Patterns The library provides three ways to access candle data, accommodating different programming styles: // 1. Array-based access for collection operations Candle candles = candle_array(source) // 2. Object-oriented access for single entity manipulation Candle candle = candle_series(source) float value = candle.source(Source.HLC3) // 3. Tuple-based access for functional programming styles = candle_tuple(source) Custom Timeframe Examples // Create 20-second candles with EMA overlay plot_ctf_candles( source = close, candle_type = CandleType.candlestick, sample_type = SampleType.Time, number_of_seconds = 20, timezone = -5, tied_open = true, ema_period = 9, enable_ema = true ) // Create tick-based candles (new candle every 15 ticks) plot_ctf_tick_candles( source = close, candle_type = CandleType.heikin_ashi, number_of_ticks = 15, timezone = -5, tied_open = true ) Advanced Usage with Custom Visualization // Get custom timeframe candles without automatic plotting CandleCTF my_candles = ctf_candles_array( source = close, candle_type = CandleType.candlestick, sample_type = SampleType.Time, number_of_seconds = 30 ) // Apply custom logic to the candles float ema_values = my_candles.ctf_ema(14) // Draw candles and EMA using time-based coordinates my_candles.draw_ctf_candles_time() ema_values.draw_ctf_line_time(line_color = #FF6D00) Library Components Data Types Candle: Structure representing chart-time candles with OHLC, polarity, and visualization properties CandleCTF: Extended candle structure with additional time metadata for custom timeframes TickData: Structure for individual price updates with time deltas Enumerations CandleType: Specifies visualization style (candlestick or Heikin-Ashi) Source: Defines price components for calculations (Open, High, Low, Close, HL2, etc.) SampleType: Sets sampling method (Time-based or Tick-based) Core Functions get_tick(): Captures current price as a tick data point candle_array(): Creates an array of candles from price updates candle_series(): Provides a single candle based on latest data candle_tuple(): Returns OHLC values as a tuple ctf_candles_array(): Creates custom timeframe candles without rendering Visualization Functions source(): Extracts specific price components from candles candle_ctf_to_float(): Converts candle data to float arrays ctf_ema(): Calculates exponential moving averages for candle arrays draw_ctf_candles_time(): Renders candles using time coordinates draw_ctf_candles_index(): Renders candles using bar index coordinates draw_ctf_line_time(): Renders lines using time coordinates draw_ctf_line_index(): Renders lines using bar index coordinates Technical Implementation Notes This library leverages Pine Script's varip variables for state management, creating a sophisticated real-time data processing system. The implementation includes: Efficient tick capturing: Samples price at every execution, maintaining temporal tracking with time deltas Smart state management: Uses a hybrid approach with mutable updates at index 0 and historical preservation at index 1+ Temporal synchronization: Manages two time domains (chart time and custom timeframe) The tooltip implementation provides crucial temporal context for custom timeframe visualizations, allowing users to understand exactly when each candle formed regardless of chart timeframe. Limitations Custom timeframe candles cannot be backtested due to Pine Script's limitations with historical tick data Real-time visualization is only available during live chart updates Maximum history is constrained by Pine Script's array size limits Applications Indicator visualization: See how RSI, MACD, or other indicators evolve in real-time Volume analysis: Create custom volume profiles independent of chart timeframe Scalping strategies: Identify short-term patterns with precisely defined time windows Volatility measurement: Track price movement characteristics within bars Custom signal generation: Create entry/exit signals based on custom timeframe patterns Conclusion The Real-Time Candles Library bridges the gap between traditional technical analysis (based on discrete OHLC bars) and the continuous nature of market movement. By making indicators more responsive to real-time price action, it gives traders a significant edge in timing and decision-making, particularly in fast-moving markets where waiting for bar close could mean missing important opportunities. Whether you're building custom indicators, researching price patterns, or developing trading strategies, this library provides the foundation for sophisticated real-time analysis in Pine Script. Implementation Details & Advanced Guide Core Implementation Concepts The Real-Time Candles Library implements a sophisticated event-driven architecture within Pine Script's constraints. At its heart, the library creates what's essentially a reactive programming framework handling continuous data streams. Tick Processing System The foundation of the library is the get_tick() function, which captures price updates as they occur: export get_tick(series float source = close, series float na_replace = na)=> varip float price = na varip int series_index = -1 varip int old_time = 0 varip int new_time = na varip float time_delta = 0 // ... This function: Samples the current price Calculates time elapsed since last update Maintains a sequential index to track updates The resulting TickData structure serves as the fundamental building block for all candle generation. State Management Architecture The library employs a sophisticated state management system using varip variables, which persist across executions within the same bar. This creates a hybrid programming paradigm that's different from standard Pine Script's bar-by-bar model. For chart-time candles, the core state transition logic is: // Real-time update of current candle candle_data := Candle.new(Open, High, Low, Close, polarity, series_index, candle_color) candles.set(0, candle_data) // When a new bar starts, preserve the previous candle if clear_state candles.insert(1, candle_data) price.clear() // Reset state for new candle Open := Close price.push(Open) series_index += 1 This pattern of updating index 0 in real-time while inserting completed candles at index 1 creates an elegant solution for maintaining both current state and historical data. Custom Timeframe Implementation The custom timeframe system manages its own time boundaries independent of chart bars: bool clear_state = switch settings.sample_type SampleType.Ticks => cumulative_series_idx >= settings.number_of_ticks SampleType.Time => cumulative_time_delta >= settings.number_of_seconds This dual-clock system synchronizes two time domains: Pine's execution clock (bar-by-bar processing) The custom timeframe clock (tick or time-based) The library carefully handles temporal discontinuities, ensuring candle formation remains accurate despite irregular tick arrival or market gaps. Advanced Usage Techniques 1. Creating Custom Indicators with Real-Time Candles To develop indicators that process real-time data within the current bar: // Get real-time candles for your data Candle rsi_candles = candle_array(ta.rsi(close, 14)) // Calculate indicator values based on candle properties float signal = ta.ema(rsi_candles.first().source(Source.Close), 9) // Detect patterns that occur within the bar bool divergence = close > close and rsi_candles.first().Close < rsi_candles.get(1).Close 2. Working with Custom Timeframes and Plotting For maximum flexibility when visualizing custom timeframe data: // Create custom timeframe candles CandleCTF volume_candles = ctf_candles_array( source = volume, candle_type = CandleType.candlestick, sample_type = SampleType.Time, number_of_seconds = 60 ) // Convert specific candle properties to float arrays float volume_closes = volume_candles.candle_ctf_to_float(Source.Close) // Calculate derived values float volume_ema = volume_candles.ctf_ema(14) // Create custom visualization volume_candles.draw_ctf_candles_time() volume_ema.draw_ctf_line_time(line_color = color.orange) 3. Creating Hybrid Timeframe Analysis One powerful application is comparing indicators across multiple timeframes: // Standard chart timeframe RSI float chart_rsi = ta.rsi(close, 14) // Custom 5-second timeframe RSI CandleCTF ctf_candles = ctf_candles_array( source = close, candle_type = CandleType.candlestick, sample_type = SampleType.Time, number_of_seconds = 5 ) float fast_rsi_array = ctf_candles.candle_ctf_to_float(Source.Close) float fast_rsi = fast_rsi_array.first() // Generate signals based on divergence between timeframes bool entry_signal = chart_rsi < 30 and fast_rsi > fast_rsi_array.get(1) Final Notes This library represents an advanced implementation of real-time data processing within Pine Script's constraints. By creating a reactive programming framework for handling continuous data streams, it enables sophisticated analysis typically only available in dedicated trading platforms. The design principles employed—including state management, temporal processing, and object-oriented architecture—can serve as patterns for other advanced Pine Script development beyond this specific application. ------------------------ Library "real_time_candles" A comprehensive library for creating real-time candles with customizable timeframes and sampling methods. Supports both chart-time and custom-time candles with options for candlestick and Heikin-Ashi visualization. Allows for tick-based or time-based sampling with moving average overlay capabilities. get_tick(source, na_replace) Captures the current price as a tick data point Parameters: source (float) : Optional - Price source to sample (defaults to close) na_replace (float) : Optional - Value to use when source is na Returns: TickData structure containing price, time since last update, and sequential index candle_array(source, candle_type, sync_start, bullish_color, bearish_color) Creates an array of candles based on price updates Parameters: source (float) : Optional - Price source to sample (defaults to close) candle_type (simple CandleType) : Optional - Type of candle chart to create (candlestick or Heikin-Ashi) sync_start (simple bool) : Optional - Whether to synchronize with the start of a new bar bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles Returns: Array of Candle objects ordered with most recent at index 0 candle_series(source, candle_type, wait_for_sync, bullish_color, bearish_color) Provides a single candle based on the latest price data Parameters: source (float) : Optional - Price source to sample (defaults to close) candle_type (simple CandleType) : Optional - Type of candle chart to create (candlestick or Heikin-Ashi) wait_for_sync (simple bool) : Optional - Whether to wait for a new bar before starting bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles Returns: A single Candle object representing the current state candle_tuple(source, candle_type, wait_for_sync, bullish_color, bearish_color) Provides candle data as a tuple of OHLC values Parameters: source (float) : Optional - Price source to sample (defaults to close) candle_type (simple CandleType) : Optional - Type of candle chart to create (candlestick or Heikin-Ashi) wait_for_sync (simple bool) : Optional - Whether to wait for a new bar before starting bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles Returns: Tuple representing current candle values method source(self, source, na_replace) Extracts a specific price component from a Candle Namespace types: Candle Parameters: self (Candle) source (series Source) : Type of price data to extract (Open, High, Low, Close, or composite values) na_replace (float) : Optional - Value to use when source value is na Returns: The requested price value from the candle method source(self, source) Extracts a specific price component from a CandleCTF Namespace types: CandleCTF Parameters: self (CandleCTF) source (simple Source) : Type of price data to extract (Open, High, Low, Close, or composite values) Returns: The requested price value from the candle as a varip method candle_ctf_to_float(self, source) Converts a specific price component from each CandleCTF to a float array Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) source (simple Source) : Optional - Type of price data to extract (defaults to Close) Returns: Array of float values extracted from the candles, ordered with most recent at index 0 method ctf_ema(self, ema_period) Calculates an Exponential Moving Average for a CandleCTF array Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) ema_period (simple float) : Period for the EMA calculation Returns: Array of float values representing the EMA of the candle data, ordered with most recent at index 0 method draw_ctf_candles_time(self, sample_type, number_of_ticks, number_of_seconds, timezone) Renders custom timeframe candles using bar time coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) sample_type (simple SampleType) : Optional - Method for sampling data (Time or Ticks), used for tooltips number_of_ticks (simple int) : Optional - Number of ticks per candle (used when sample_type is Ticks), used for tooltips number_of_seconds (simple float) : Optional - Time duration per candle in seconds (used when sample_type is Time), used for tooltips timezone (simple int) : Optional - Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12), used for tooltips Returns: void - Renders candles on the chart using time-based x-coordinates method draw_ctf_candles_index(self, sample_type, number_of_ticks, number_of_seconds, timezone) Renders custom timeframe candles using bar index coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) sample_type (simple SampleType) : Optional - Method for sampling data (Time or Ticks), used for tooltips number_of_ticks (simple int) : Optional - Number of ticks per candle (used when sample_type is Ticks), used for tooltips number_of_seconds (simple float) : Optional - Time duration per candle in seconds (used when sample_type is Time), used for tooltips timezone (simple int) : Optional - Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12), used for tooltips Returns: void - Renders candles on the chart using index-based x-coordinates method draw_ctf_line_time(self, source, line_size, line_color) Renders a line representing a price component from the candles using time coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) source (simple Source) : Optional - Type of price data to extract (defaults to Close) line_size (simple int) : Optional - Width of the line line_color (simple color) : Optional - Color of the line Returns: void - Renders a connected line on the chart using time-based x-coordinates method draw_ctf_line_time(self, line_size, line_color) Renders a line from a varip float array using time coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) line_size (simple int) : Optional - Width of the line, defaults to 2 line_color (simple color) : Optional - Color of the line Returns: void - Renders a connected line on the chart using time-based x-coordinates method draw_ctf_line_index(self, source, line_size, line_color) Renders a line representing a price component from the candles using index coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) source (simple Source) : Optional - Type of price data to extract (defaults to Close) line_size (simple int) : Optional - Width of the line line_color (simple color) : Optional - Color of the line Returns: void - Renders a connected line on the chart using index-based x-coordinates method draw_ctf_line_index(self, line_size, line_color) Renders a line from a varip float array using index coordinates Namespace types: array Parameters: self (array) line_size (simple int) : Optional - Width of the line, defaults to 2 line_color (simple color) : Optional - Color of the line Returns: void - Renders a connected line on the chart using index-based x-coordinates plot_ctf_tick_candles(source, candle_type, number_of_ticks, timezone, tied_open, ema_period, bullish_color, bearish_color, line_width, ema_color, use_time_indexing) Plots tick-based candles with moving average Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Type of candle chart to display number_of_ticks (simple int) : Number of ticks per candle timezone (simple int) : Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12) tied_open (simple bool) : Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle ema_period (simple float) : Period for the exponential moving average bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles line_width (simple int) : Optional - Width of the moving average line, defaults to 2 ema_color (color) : Optional - Color of the moving average line use_time_indexing (simple bool) : Optional - When true the function will plot with xloc.time, when false it will plot using xloc.bar_index Returns: void - Creates visual candle chart with EMA overlay plot_ctf_tick_candles(source, candle_type, number_of_ticks, timezone, tied_open, bullish_color, bearish_color, use_time_indexing) Plots tick-based candles without moving average Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Type of candle chart to display number_of_ticks (simple int) : Number of ticks per candle timezone (simple int) : Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12) tied_open (simple bool) : Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles use_time_indexing (simple bool) : Optional - When true the function will plot with xloc.time, when false it will plot using xloc.bar_index Returns: void - Creates visual candle chart without moving average plot_ctf_time_candles(source, candle_type, number_of_seconds, timezone, tied_open, ema_period, bullish_color, bearish_color, line_width, ema_color, use_time_indexing) Plots time-based candles with moving average Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Type of candle chart to display number_of_seconds (simple float) : Time duration per candle in seconds timezone (simple int) : Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12) tied_open (simple bool) : Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle ema_period (simple float) : Period for the exponential moving average bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles line_width (simple int) : Optional - Width of the moving average line, defaults to 2 ema_color (color) : Optional - Color of the moving average line use_time_indexing (simple bool) : Optional - When true the function will plot with xloc.time, when false it will plot using xloc.bar_index Returns: void - Creates visual candle chart with EMA overlay plot_ctf_time_candles(source, candle_type, number_of_seconds, timezone, tied_open, bullish_color, bearish_color, use_time_indexing) Plots time-based candles without moving average Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Type of candle chart to display number_of_seconds (simple float) : Time duration per candle in seconds timezone (simple int) : Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12) tied_open (simple bool) : Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles use_time_indexing (simple bool) : Optional - When true the function will plot with xloc.time, when false it will plot using xloc.bar_index Returns: void - Creates visual candle chart without moving average plot_ctf_candles(source, candle_type, sample_type, number_of_ticks, number_of_seconds, timezone, tied_open, ema_period, bullish_color, bearish_color, enable_ema, line_width, ema_color, use_time_indexing) Unified function for plotting candles with comprehensive options Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Optional - Type of candle chart to display sample_type (simple SampleType) : Optional - Method for sampling data (Time or Ticks) number_of_ticks (simple int) : Optional - Number of ticks per candle (used when sample_type is Ticks) number_of_seconds (simple float) : Optional - Time duration per candle in seconds (used when sample_type is Time) timezone (simple int) : Optional - Timezone offset from UTC (-12 to +12) tied_open (simple bool) : Optional - Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle ema_period (simple float) : Optional - Period for the exponential moving average bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles enable_ema (bool) : Optional - Whether to display the EMA overlay line_width (simple int) : Optional - Width of the moving average line, defaults to 2 ema_color (color) : Optional - Color of the moving average line use_time_indexing (simple bool) : Optional - When true the function will plot with xloc.time, when false it will plot using xloc.bar_index Returns: void - Creates visual candle chart with optional EMA overlay ctf_candles_array(source, candle_type, sample_type, number_of_ticks, number_of_seconds, tied_open, bullish_color, bearish_color) Creates an array of custom timeframe candles without rendering them Parameters: source (float) : Input price source to sample candle_type (simple CandleType) : Type of candle chart to create (candlestick or Heikin-Ashi) sample_type (simple SampleType) : Method for sampling data (Time or Ticks) number_of_ticks (simple int) : Optional - Number of ticks per candle (used when sample_type is Ticks) number_of_seconds (simple float) : Optional - Time duration per candle in seconds (used when sample_type is Time) tied_open (simple bool) : Optional - Whether to tie open price to close of previous candle bullish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bullish candles bearish_color (color) : Optional - Color for bearish candles Returns: Array of CandleCTF objects ordered with most recent at index 0 Candle Structure representing a complete candle with price data and display properties Fields: Open (series float) : Opening price of the candle High (series float) : Highest price of the candle Low (series float) : Lowest price of the candle Close (series float) : Closing price of the candle polarity (series bool) : Boolean indicating if candle is bullish (true) or bearish (false) series_index (series int) : Sequential index identifying the candle in the series candle_color (series color) : Color to use when rendering the candle ready (series bool) : Boolean indicating if candle data is valid and ready for use TickData Structure for storing individual price updates Fields: price (series float) : The price value at this tick time_delta (series float) : Time elapsed since the previous tick in milliseconds series_index (series int) : Sequential index identifying this tick CandleCTF Structure representing a custom timeframe candle with additional time metadata Fields: Open (series float) : Opening price of the candle High (series float) : Highest price of the candle Low (series float) : Lowest price of the candle Close (series float) : Closing price of the candle polarity (series bool) : Boolean indicating if candle is bullish (true) or bearish (false) series_index (series int) : Sequential index identifying the candle in the series open_time (series int) : Timestamp marking when the candle was opened (in Unix time) time_delta (series float) : Duration of the candle in milliseconds candle_color (series color) : Color to use when rendering the candle

Pine Script® library

by The_Peaceful_Lizard

Updated

Double Top/Bottom Fractals Detector Double Top/Bottom Detector with Williams Fractals (Extended + Early Signal) This indicator combines the classic Williams Fractals methodology with an enhanced mechanism to detect potential reversal patterns—namely, double tops and double bottoms. It does so by using two separate detection schemes: Confirmed Fractals for Pattern Formation: The indicator calculates confirmed fractals using the traditional Williams Fractals rules. A fractal is confirmed if a bar’s high (for an up fractal) or low (for a down fractal) is the highest or lowest compared to a specified number of bars on both sides (default: 2 bars on the left and 2 on the right). Once a confirmed fractal is identified, its price (high for tops, low for bottoms) and bar index are stored in an internal array (up to the 10 most recent confirmed fractals). When a new confirmed fractal appears, the indicator compares it with previous confirmed fractals. If the new fractal is within a user-defined maximum bar distance (e.g., 20 bars) and the price difference is within a specified tolerance (default: 0.8%), the indicator assumes that a double top (if comparing highs) or a double bottom (if comparing lows) pattern is forming. A signal is then generated by placing a label on the chart—SELL for a double top and BUY for a double bottom. Early Signal Generation: To capture potential reversals sooner, the indicator also includes an “early signal” mechanism. This uses asymmetric offsets different from the confirmed fractal calculation: Signal Right Offset: Defines the candidate bar used for early signal detection (default is 1 bar). Signal Left Offset: Defines the number of bars to the left of the candidate that must confirm the candidate’s price is the extreme (default is 2 bars). For an early top candidate, the candidate bar’s high must be greater than the highs of the bars specified by the left offset and also higher than the bar immediately to its right. For an early bottom candidate, the corresponding condition applies for lows. If the early candidate’s price level is within the acceptable tolerance when compared to any of the previously stored confirmed fractals (again, within the allowed bar distance), an early signal is generated—displayed as SELL_EARLY or BUY_EARLY. The early signal block can be enabled or disabled via a checkbox input, allowing traders to choose whether to use these proactive signals. Key Parameters: n: The number of bars used to confirm a fractal. The fractal is considered valid if the bar’s high (or low) is higher (or lower) than the highs (or lows) of the preceding and following n bars. maxBarsApart: The maximum number of bars allowed between two fractals for them to be considered part of the same double top or bottom pattern. tolerancePercent: The maximum allowed percentage difference (default: 0.8%) between the high (or low) values of two fractals to qualify them as matching for the pattern. signalLeftOffset & signalRightOffset: These parameters define the asymmetric offsets for early signal detection. The left offset (default: 2) specifies how many bars to look back, while the right offset (default: 1) specifies the candidate bar’s position. earlySignalsEnabled: A checkbox option that allows users to enable or disable early signal generation. When disabled, the indicator only uses confirmed fractal signals. How It Works: Fractal Calculation and Plotting: The confirmed fractals are calculated using the traditional method, ensuring robust identification by verifying the pattern with a symmetrical offset. These confirmed fractals are plotted on the chart using triangle shapes (upwards for potential double bottoms and downwards for potential double tops). Pattern Detection: Upon detection of a new confirmed fractal, the indicator checks up to 10 previous fractals stored in internal arrays. If the new fractal’s high or low is within the tolerance range and close enough in terms of bars to one of the stored fractals, it signifies the formation of a double top or double bottom. A corresponding SELL or BUY label is then placed on the chart. Early Signal Feature: If enabled, the early signal block checks for candidate bars based on the defined asymmetric offsets. These candidates are evaluated to see if their high/low levels meet the early confirmation criteria relative to nearby bars. If they also match one of the confirmed fractal levels (within tolerance and bar distance), an early signal is issued with a label (SELL_EARLY or BUY_EARLY) on the chart. Benefits for Traders: Timely Alerts: By combining both confirmed and early signals, the indicator offers a proactive approach to detect reversals sooner, potentially improving entry and exit timing. Flexibility: With adjustable parameters (including the option to disable early signals), traders can fine-tune the indicator to better suit different markets, timeframes, and trading styles. Enhanced Pattern Recognition: The dual-layered approach (confirmed fractals plus early detection) helps filter out false signals and captures the essential formation of double tops and bottoms more reliably.

Pine Script® indicator

by RezzoRedPriest

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Select market data provided by ICE Data Services. Select reference data provided by FactSet. Copyright © 2025 FactSet Research Systems Inc.Copyright © 2025, American Bankers Association. CUSIP Database provided by FactSet Research Systems Inc. All rights reserved. SEC fillings and other documents provided by Quartr.© 2025 TradingView, Inc.

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