Turkmenistan is a major exporter of natural gas and oil. Yet, commodities price fluctuations and issues with infrastructure very often led to trade deficits. Turkmenistan’s other exports include cotton, polymers, cotton, textiles and vegetable products. Turkmenistan mainly imports iron and steel pipes, heavy construction equipment, wheat, grading machinery and vehicles. Turkmenistan's main trading partners are China, Turkey, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, the Ukraine, Italy and Iran.