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Introduction to Futures HedgingUnderstanding Futures Contracts A futures contract is a standardized legal agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price at a specified future date. These contracts are traded on organized exchanges, ensuring liquidity, transparency, and regulatory oversight. The underlying asset in a futures contract could be a physical commodity such as crude oil, wheat, or gold, or a financial instrument like an index, bond, or currency. Futures contracts have key characteristics: Standardization: The contract specifies the quantity, quality, and delivery date of the underlying asset. Margin Requirements: Traders must maintain a margin—a fraction of the contract value—to enter into futures positions. Mark-to-Market: Gains and losses are settled daily based on the contract’s market value. Leverage: Futures allow traders to control large positions with relatively small capital, magnifying both potential gains and losses. These features make futures contracts ideal tools for hedging because they provide predictability and protection against price volatility. The Concept of Hedging Hedging is the practice of taking an investment position in one market to offset potential losses in another. In essence, it acts like insurance: while it may limit potential profits, it also minimizes exposure to losses. There are two main types of hedging: Long Hedge: Used when a business anticipates purchasing an asset in the future and wants to lock in the current price to avoid rising costs. Example: An airline expects to buy jet fuel in six months. To protect against rising fuel prices, it can buy futures contracts now at the current price. If fuel prices rise, the gain on the futures contract offsets the higher cost of purchasing fuel in the future. Short Hedge: Used when a business holds an asset and wants to protect against falling prices. Example: A wheat farmer expects to harvest in three months. To avoid losses if wheat prices fall, the farmer can sell wheat futures contracts now. If the price drops, the profit on the futures contract compensates for the lower market price of the physical wheat. By employing hedging strategies, both buyers and sellers can stabilize cash flows and plan their operations with more certainty. Importance of Futures Hedging Risk Management: The primary objective of futures hedging is to manage price risk. Businesses in agriculture, energy, metals, and finance frequently use futures to minimize the impact of adverse price movements. Price Discovery: Futures markets facilitate price discovery, reflecting expectations of supply and demand. Hedgers benefit by gaining insight into future price trends. Financial Stability: Hedging provides stability to earnings and costs. For companies with significant exposure to commodity or currency fluctuations, this stability supports strategic planning, investment, and growth. Speculation Reduction: By hedging, companies avoid excessive exposure to speculation-driven market movements, focusing instead on their core business operations. Enhanced Creditworthiness: Companies with effective hedging programs are viewed as financially prudent by lenders and investors, improving access to capital. Mechanics of Futures Hedging Hedging with futures involves several steps: Identify the Exposure: Determine which assets, commodities, or financial instruments are exposed to price risk. Select the Appropriate Futures Contract: Choose a futures contract that closely matches the underlying asset in terms of quantity, quality, and timing. Decide the Hedge Ratio: The hedge ratio determines the number of futures contracts needed to offset the risk. Perfect hedges are rare; often, partial hedges are employed to balance risk reduction and cost. Enter the Futures Position: Buy or sell futures contracts depending on whether a long or short hedge is appropriate. Monitor and Adjust: As market conditions change, hedgers must monitor their positions and adjust contracts to maintain effective risk coverage. Close or Offset the Hedge: Futures contracts can be offset before expiration by taking an opposite position or allowed to expire if physical delivery aligns with the hedger’s requirements. Examples of Futures Hedging 1. Agricultural Hedging: A corn farmer expects to harvest 10,000 bushels in four months. Concerned about falling prices, the farmer sells corn futures contracts now. When harvest time arrives, even if the market price has dropped, the farmer’s futures gains compensate for the lower sale price, ensuring financial stability. 2. Corporate Hedging: A multinational company expects to receive €5 million in payments in six months but operates primarily in USD. To protect against EUR/USD exchange rate fluctuations, the company sells euro futures contracts. If the euro depreciates, gains on the futures offset the reduced dollar value of the payment. 3. Commodity Hedging: An airline hedges against rising fuel costs by buying crude oil futures. If oil prices increase, the gain on the futures contracts compensates for higher fuel costs, helping maintain profitability. Advantages of Futures Hedging Predictable Cash Flows: Hedging reduces uncertainty in revenue and costs. Flexibility: Futures can be tailored to different commodities, currencies, or indices. Liquidity: Exchange-traded futures offer easy entry and exit. Leverage: Efficient capital use allows risk management without tying up large amounts of money. Transparency: Prices are visible and regulated, reducing counterparty risk. Limitations of Futures Hedging Basis Risk: The futures price may not move perfectly in line with the underlying asset, resulting in imperfect hedges. Cost: Margins and transaction fees add to the cost of hedging. Limited Profit Potential: Hedging locks in prices, reducing the opportunity to benefit from favorable market movements. Complexity: Understanding contract specifications, hedge ratios, and market dynamics requires expertise. Over-hedging Risk: Using excessive futures positions can create unintended exposure and losses. Conclusion Futures hedging is a vital risk management tool in modern financial and commodity markets. It allows businesses and investors to stabilize cash flows, plan effectively, and mitigate losses arising from adverse price movements. By understanding the mechanics, advantages, and limitations of futures contracts, market participants can use hedging strategies to navigate volatile markets with confidence. While futures hedging does not eliminate risk entirely, it transforms unpredictable market movements into manageable financial outcomes, fostering greater stability and strategic decision-making. In an increasingly globalized and interconnected economy, the role of futures hedging has expanded beyond traditional commodities to include financial instruments, currencies, and indices. Companies, investors, and financial institutions that employ well-structured hedging strategies are better positioned to withstand market shocks, protect their profitability, and achieve long-term growth.
NSE:TATASTEELEducation
by TechnicalExpress
Resistance Fakeout in CDSLAfter a persistent rally, Central Depository Services (India) Limited approached a significant resistance zone near 1,590.20. The initial breakout attempt saw price closing above resistance, but follow-through was absent as sellers quickly regained control. This resulted in a classic false breakout or failed breakout pattern, with price slipping back below the resistance level and triggering a pullback. False breakouts at key resistance happen when bullish momentum is not sustained, often trapping late buyers and prompting profit-taking. As evident here, the failed breakout signals possible short-term weakness and warrants caution for fresh longs unless the stock can convincingly reclaim and hold above the former resistance. Short-term traders may look for downside opportunities until renewed strength is visible above 1,590.20.​ Risk management is essential in such setups as volatility around failed breakouts can be high. Monitor for support at lower levels and watch price behavior around previous resistance for directional clues.
C
by Kapil-Mittal
1
PGEL: Suggest Momentum ShiftPG Electroplast Ltd. (PGEL) has recently shown signs of emerging strength after a prolonged phase of consolidation. Over the last two trading sessions, the stock has demonstrated upward momentum, suggesting a possible attempt to break out of its range-bound structure. This observation is supported by several technical factors: 1. Moving Averages & Volume Dynamics The stock has successfully closed above the 20-day EMA, indicating short-term bullish sentiment. It is currently trading near the 50-day EMA, although it has not yet closed above this level. The recent price movement has been accompanied by increased trading volume, which may reflect growing market participation. 2. Change of Character (CHOCH) The break above the 20-day EMA, despite the price not closing above the 50-day EMA, may signal a CHOCH. This is often interpreted by technical analysts as a potential shift in trend direction, particularly from bearish to neutral or bullish. 3. RSI Momentum The RSI has moved above the 60 level, suggesting strengthening momentum. This level is typically viewed as a transition zone between neutral and bullish conditions. 4. MACD Signal A bullish crossover on the MACD indicator has occurred on the daily timeframe. This crossover may indicate a potential shift in momentum, especially when supported by price structure and volume. Breakout Confirmation Level: A sustained close above ₹597 could be interpreted as a breakout from the consolidation zone. If this level is cleared with volume support, the next potential resistance may lie near ₹712 , based on historical price action. The lower boundary of the recent consolidation zone, around ₹494 , may act as a support level. This area could be monitored for potential retests or invalidation of the breakout attempt. Disclaimer: This analysis is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any financial instrument. Market participants are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
NSE:PGELLong
by NiftyNotion
2
Psychology, Why 90% of Traders Fail (And How to Be the 10%)⚡ The ugly truth: Most traders don’t fail because of strategy. They fail because of *themselves* . It’s NOT bad strategies, it’s bad psychology. 📉 Here’s the real story 👇: We know about stop-losses. We know about risk-to-reward. We know patience matters. Imagine this: You’ve planned your trade. Price goes against you. Suddenly, your brain whispers: 👉 “Just hold a little longer.” 👉 “Double your position, you’ll recover.” 👉 “Skip the stop-loss this time, it’ll bounce back, praying it turns back.” NASDAQ:GOOGL Sound familiar? That inner voice has blown more accounts than any chart pattern ever did. 🧠 “It’s not because their strategies don’t work—it’s because *they don’t work on themselves*. ✅ The 10% who wins don’t have superhuman IQs . They *train their minds* the way athletes train their bodies. Here’s how you can upgrade yourself today : 1️⃣ **Detach From Money** → Don’t measure success by today’s P&L. Measure it by *following your plan*. Consistency is the real wealth. 2️⃣ **Write Your Rulebook 📘** → Define your entries, exits, and risk rules. Print it. Stick it near your screen. No match = no trade. (Yes, it’s boring. That’s why it works.) 3️⃣ **Journal Your Trades** → Every. Single. Trade. Wins and losses. How did you feel? Why do you enter? after doing this, you’ll start to * see your patterns * —and they’ll expose your weaknesses too.. 🎯 Success in trading isn’t about predicting/beating the market. It’s about controlling *yourself*, beating your own impulses. 💬 Question for you: Which habit is killing your trades? NASDAQ:MSFT If you could fix just ONE habit right now:— what would it be? Which one would change your results the most? 1️⃣ Overtrading 🔂 2️⃣ Revenge Trading ⚔ 3️⃣ Ignoring Risk ⚠ 4️⃣ chasing losses 🏃‍➡️ 5️⃣ No 📘rulebook/📰Journal 💬 Comment below ⬇️ I'll post my new content accordingly. Happy Trading and Investing! Regards: @TradeWithKeshhav
NASDAQ:AAPLEducation
by TradeWithKeshhav
6
Zota Healthcare Higher High Pattern Zota healthcare moving Up in a pattern . It's bullish Since many Months. You can Study Chart of last 2 Year. It's moving up in Pattern with Retracement. So it's very good. You can make 5 -10% Easily in this Stocks. Keep SL 5% It may be in Consolidation before moving up as u see same happened in last some days. But it may move up with volume. Visit my Tradingview Profile for more information. Consult your financial advisor before making any position in stock market.
NSE:ZOTALong
by STOCKLOVER143
GABRIEL INDIA BULLISH CHART Gabriel India is a Strong Fundamental Company in Auto Component Sector . It's Technically also Breakout. It's a Uptrend Stock And moving Up with Sector and on basis of Gst Cut . Good bet for swing trading as well as long term . In swing trading u can expect 5 -6% move and in long term 20-30% move in next 6 months . No buy sell Reccomendation just for educational purposes only. Always consult your financial advisor before making any position in stock market.
NSE:GABRIELLong
by STOCKLOVER143
Support Trendline Breakout in BAJFINANCEBAJFINANCE has delivered a strong support trendline breakout, closing at ₹909.60 (+5.59%). Price action confirms bullish momentum above the ₹872 support, with a measured move target of ₹29.55 (3.25%). Notably, the 910 CALL option for 28 AUG 2025 surged 378% to ₹16.50, showing aggressive call buying and aligning with the spot breakout. This synchronization between spot and derivatives indicates robust upward sentiment. Traders may consider maintaining a bullish bias while managing risk below the breakout level. Monitoring volumes and options activity is essential for trend confirmation. This analysis is for educational purposes only.
NSE:BAJFINANCE
by Kapil-Mittal
1
Trendline Support and Options Reaction in ICICI Bank📈 ICICI Bank at Major Support! ICICI Bank is testing a crucial trendline support zone around ₹1,418–₹1,427 after a lengthy pullback. Historically, this level has held strong, showing multiple bounces — making it a key area for traders to watch. Support Level: ₹1,418–₹1,427 Potential Upside: The chart highlights a recovery zone towards ₹1,433 and beyond, with a bounce of ₹67.6 (approx. 4.74%) possible if support holds firm. 🟢 Options Perspective: 1430 CE (August Expiry) The ICICI Bank 1,430 August call option has shown significant volatility: Current Premium: ₹16.75 Recent Change: +₹4.65 (+26.76%) on a single session!
NSE:ICICIBANK
by Kapil-Mittal
2
Open Interest & Option Chain AnalysisIn the world of options trading, two of the most critical analytical tools are Open Interest (OI) and Option Chain Analysis. While price and volume are commonly used indicators, OI and the Option Chain give unique insights into market sentiment, strength of price movements, and likely support/resistance zones. Let’s break down both concepts thoroughly and understand how you can use them to make smarter trading decisions. 1. What is Open Interest (OI)? Open Interest (OI) refers to the total number of outstanding (open) option contracts that have not been settled or squared off. These contracts can be either calls or puts, and each open contract reflects a position that has been initiated but not yet closed. Important: OI is not the same as volume. Volume counts the number of contracts traded in a day. OI shows how many contracts are still open and active. Example: If Trader A buys 1 lot of Nifty Call and Trader B sells it, OI increases by 1. If later one of them exits the trade (either buy or sell), OI decreases by 1. If the same contract is bought and sold multiple times in a day, volume increases, but OI remains the same unless a new position is created or closed. 2. Interpreting Open Interest Changes Here’s how to interpret changes in OI: Price Movement OI Movement Interpretation Price ↑ OI ↑ Long Buildup (bullish) Price ↓ OI ↑ Short Buildup (bearish) Price ↑ OI ↓ Short Covering (bullish) Price ↓ OI ↓ Long Unwinding (bearish) This table is a cheat sheet for OI interpretation. Let’s break them down with simple language: Long Buildup: Traders are buying calls/puts expecting further rise. (Positive sentiment) Short Buildup: Traders are selling expecting fall. (Negative sentiment) Short Covering: Sellers are closing their shorts due to rising prices. (Momentum shift to bullish) Long Unwinding: Buyers are exiting as prices fall. (Loss of bullish strength) 3. What is Option Chain? The Option Chain is a table or listing that shows all the available strike prices for a particular underlying (like Nifty, Bank Nifty, or a stock) along with key data: Call & Put Options Strike Prices Premiums (LTP) Open Interest (OI) Change in OI Volume Implied Volatility (IV) Structure of Option Chain An Option Chain is usually divided into two sides: Left Side → Call Options Right Side → Put Options In the middle, you have the Strike Prices listed. 4. Key Elements in Option Chain Analysis A. Strike Price The set price at which the holder can buy (Call) or sell (Put) the asset. At the Money (ATM): Closest to current spot price In the Money (ITM): Profitable if exercised Out of the Money (OTM): Not profitable if exercised now B. Open Interest (OI) Shows how many contracts are still open for each strike. Higher OI means greater trader interest. C. Change in OI Shows how much OI has increased or decreased. This is critical for real-time sentiment tracking. Increase in OI + Rising premium = Strength Increase in OI + Falling premium = Resistance or Support forming D. Volume Number of contracts traded today. Shows activity and liquidity. E. Implied Volatility (IV) Indicates market expectation of future volatility. High IV means higher premiums. 5. How to Read Option Chain for Support & Resistance One of the most powerful uses of Option Chain Analysis is identifying short-term support and resistance. Highest OI on Call Side = Resistance Highest OI on Put Side = Support This happens because: Sellers of Calls don’t want price to rise above their sold strike Sellers of Puts don’t want price to fall below their sold strike Example: Let’s say: 19700 CE has 45 lakh OI 19500 PE has 40 lakh OI This implies: Resistance = 19700 Support = 19500 So, traders expect Nifty to remain between 19500–19700. Conclusion Open Interest and Option Chain Analysis are powerful tools to understand the mood of the market. They help traders: Find real-time support and resistance Gauge market direction and strength Understand where big players (institutions) are placing their bets Plan both intraday and positional trades with more accuracy But remember, OI and Option Chain are not standalone indicators. Combine them with price action, volume, and technical levels for better results.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by TechnicalExpress
2
EURUSD Bulls in ControlHello everyone, what’s your take on EURUSD? After breaking out of its descending channel, EURUSD has maintained its bullish momentum. In the short term, there are no clear signs of slowing down, especially with the 34 EMA acting as dynamic support — boosting buyer confidence. Fundamentally, a weaker US dollar and renewed optimism in Europe are fueling euro strength. As long as price holds above the 1.1650 zone, the path of least resistance remains upward. The 1.1750 target is still in sight, confirming a textbook bullish continuation pattern. What’s your view on where EURUSD is headed next?
Long
by Kevinn_Nguyen
JUBLINGREA Breakout📊 1. Price Action & Pattern Analysis Breakout Trigger: Double Bottom at ₹660–₹670 confirmed. Higher Lows and Higher Highs are clearly visible — a bullish trend structure. Breakout from trendline resistance with a strong bullish candle on extreme volume confirms buyer interest. Probable Retest Zone: Around ₹745–₹760, which overlaps with the 38.2–61.8% Fibonacci zone, indicating a good low-risk reentry area if price retests. Stop-Loss (Aggressive): Just below ₹680 support zone (prior bottom and neckline). 🔍 2. Volume & Confirmation Massive Volume Spike on breakout day — highest in recent months. Volume confirms genuine buying pressure, validating the pattern breakout. 🧭 3. Stage Classification ✅ Current Stage: Stage 2 – Markup Phase (Early Stage) Why: Breakout from long consolidation. Volume confirms institutional activity. Trend structure shifting to higher highs/lows. Strong retest and breakout of previous resistance zones. 🎯 4. Trade Plan Summary Metric Value 📌 Entry Range ₹760–₹780 (retest possible) 🧯 Stop Loss (Aggressive) ₹675–₹680 zone 📈 Target 1 (Short-Term) ₹840–₹860 (as shown) 📈 Target 2 (Positional) ₹900+ 🔎 Risk–Reward 1:2.5+ (Ideal Swing Setup) 🧠 “So many convincing acts happened here to take trade... Trade for 4 to 5% for consistency.” ✅ Conclusion This is a classic Stage 2 early breakout with: Multi-confirmation setup (pattern + trendline + volume) Well-defined risk-reward Excellent for swing-to-positional trades
NSE:JUBLINGREALong
by Eswa007
2
25 April Nifty Trade zone#Nifty50 #option trading 99% working trading plan 👉Gap up open 24282 above & 15m hold after positive trade target 24362, 24520 👉Gap up open 24282 below 15 m not break upside after nigetive trade target 24188 , 24070 👉Gap down open 24188 above 15m hold after positive trade target 24282 , 24362 👉Gap down open 24188 below 15 m not break upside after nigetive trade target 24072, 24948 💫big gapdown open 24072 above hold 1st positive trade view 💫big Gapup opening 24362 below nigetive trade view Trade plan for education purpose I'm not responsible your trade More education follow & support me 📌 koi bhi trade leval se 20 point ke sl ke bhina karan nahi hi 📌 koi trade app activate tabhi karana hota hi level pe 2 candle uper ya niche closing aati hai to 📌 leval par Ane pe turant trade plan na kare ... 📌 Full risk apaki hi hi meri nah
NSE:NIFTYLong
by mayuraj_820
2
VISUAL INVESTOR: An Investing Tutorial for EveryoneToday is a wonderful day! I am overwhelmed with positive emotions, like a racer who has crossed the finish line. My first book, The Visual Investor, is out on TradingView. It's written for everyone, from those just starting out in the stock market to experienced investors. You could say you're holding it in your hands now. The idea for this book came to me a long time ago, thanks to the influence of one person, as well as my invisible teachers: Benjamin Graham, Warren Buffett, Charles Munger, Peter Lynch and Mohnish Pabrai. Day after day, I worked on the content of chapters, charts, tables, and drawings to take you from theoretical foundations to applied knowledge that allows you to answer the key questions of any investor: What? When? And how much? My motivators, namely you, dear subscribers and the TradingView editorial team, also made an invaluable contribution to the creation of this book. Every kind word, constructive criticism and award in the form of “Editors’ Picks” made me happier and helped me to create further. Why “Visual Investor”? This is my reverence for the technologies we have come to now. The modern investor has incredible opportunities compared to our colleagues, even from the beginning of the 21st century. Access to companies' financial data has become an order of magnitude easier, and their visualization allows for fundamental analysis to be done much faster than before. Global financial centers are now much closer to investors from different countries, thanks to the development of local regulation, active work of financial institutions and services. All this has expanded the range of investment instruments and formed a new way of life for our savings. A modern person may not be a passive observer of fluctuations in the purchasing power of his own capital. On the contrary, he can independently make decisions to increase this capacity, using technology and a systematic approach. Unfortunately, unmanaged savings will suffer the unenviable fate of the hundred dollar bill from the beginning of the last century. This chart shows how the $100 bill has depreciated since 1914 due to inflation. By the beginning of the First World War, the monthly salary of a highly skilled worker or employee could reach exactly this amount. If your super-rich great-great-grandfather buried a chest of these bills, and you found it, you'd probably be furious with him. Because $100 now is like $2 then. “Dear Grandpa, why didn’t you buy something from that list ?” you might say in your heart. However, we must give credit to our hero, as the propensity to save is a skill that any investor should start with, and something I talk about in the early chapters of my book. As Charles Munger said, “I was a cautious little squirrel who hoarded more nuts than I needed and didn’t climb into my own pile of nuts.” The book is divided into three parts, allowing you to start with any of them, depending on your current level of knowledge. Part One This part will be interesting to anyone who wants to understand why we need investments, what a joint-stock company and a stock exchange are, how the price and its schedule are formed. Duration of study: 3 hours 15 minutes. Part two This part will be of interest to anyone who already knows the basics of stock trading but wants to understand the fundamental analysis of a company's business. Duration of study: 5 hours. Part three This part will be of interest to anyone who understands the financial statements of companies and wants to build a decision-making system on the stock market based on this knowledge. Duration of study: 11 hours. I recommend reading the book “Visual Investor” thoughtfully, with pauses to understand each chapter. It is precisely with this measured pace in mind that the estimated duration of study for each block and each article has been calculated. You can move faster if you like. If you devote 1 hour a day to the book, then after 20 days you will be able to master the entire theory. Don't rush to apply the knowledge immediately you've gained in real life. TradingView has great tools for hands-on research, such as Replay and Paper Trading, that will help you solidify your knowledge without risking your capital. Similarly, civil aviation pilots train on a flight simulator before their first flight. Remember that your knowledge, systematic approach, persistence and a pinch of luck can transform everything around you. But if you still need my support, I'm here. Yours, Capy. Part One 1. Investing is the ability to say "no" so that you can say "yes" The reader will learn that investing is a conscious skill of foregoing immediate spending in favor of greater value in the future, based on strategy, patience, and an understanding of the difference between investing and speculation. Duration of study: 15 minutes. 2. Raising initial capital: 4 approaches, of which one is not good The reader will learn about four ways to form start-up capital for investments, and why borrowed money is the least sensible of them. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 3. The lifestyle of your savings, and why Big Mac? The reader will learn that investing is a conscious way to preserve and increase the purchasing power of savings, in which the level of potential profit is always proportional to the risk taken. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 4. What is a stock? Let me tell you a story Using the example of a shoe workshop owner, the reader will learn how companies issue shares to raise capital and expand their business. Duration of study: 15 minutes.​​ 5. Stock Company. Selling something that no one will buy piecemeal Using the same example, the reader is explained the process of transforming a company into a joint-stock company and conducting an IPO to attract investment. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 6. I dream of entering the stock market. The question is: What for? The reader learns that going public is a way for a company to make its shares available to a wider range of investors, increase liquidity, and simplify the process of raising capital. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 7. How is the share price formed on the stock exchange? We do it The reader will learn how the price of a stock is formed on the stock exchange through the mechanism of bids from buyers and sellers, reflecting the balance of supply and demand. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 8. Bid/Offer: The Yin and Yang of Stock Prices The reader will learn how buy (bid) and sell (offer) orders from the order book on the exchange, determining the mechanism for concluding transactions and the formation of the market price. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 9. Market order or the hunger games of stock trading The reader will learn that market orders allow shares to be bought or sold immediately without specifying a price, satisfying the current demand or offer at prices available in the order book. Duration of study: 15 minutes. 10. The birth of the chart. The evolution of the tape The reader will learn how price movement charts are formed from the stock exchange quotes feed and will see historical examples of the evolution of methods for displaying market data. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 11. Japanese Candlesticks: Game of Body and Shadows The reader will learn how Japanese candlesticks are constructed, including determining the opening, closing, high, and low prices for a selected time interval, as well as the importance of the candlestick body and shadows in analyzing price movements.​ Duration of study: 20 minutes. 12. A little bit about volumes and the master of all averages The reader will learn how to analyze trading volumes and use a 252-day moving average to evaluate stock price movements. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 13. My Three Comrades: the Chart, the Screener, and the Watchlist The reader will learn step-by-step how to use the TradingView platform's chart, screener, and watchlist features to find and track stocks even if he doesn't know the company's ticker. Duration of study: 15 minutes. 14. Two captains of the same ship The reader will learn how to use fundamental analysis to assess a company's financial strength by adding financial indicators to a chart in TradingView, and why the author prefers this method over technical analysis. Duration of study: 15 minutes. Part two 15. My crazy partner is Mr. Market! The reader will learn about the concept of "Mr. Market" introduced by Benjamin Graham, which illustrates the irrationality of market behavior and emphasizes the importance of fundamental analysis in making sound investment decisions. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 16. Picking rules - the Lynch method The reader will learn about Peter Lynch's investment principles, including the benefits of private investors, the importance of a financial safety net, the need to understand a company's performance before investing, and the importance of analyzing its earnings.​ Duration of study: 15 minutes. 17. A pill for missed opportunities The reader will learn how to set up alerts in TradingView to react promptly to changes in stock prices, thereby avoiding missing profitable opportunities to buy or sell. Duration of study: 15 minutes. 18. Man on the shoulders of giants The reader learns the story of an Indian engineer who, after starting to invest in his 30s, achieved significant success, emphasizing the importance of self-education and inspiration from eminent investors. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 19. Price is what you pay, but value is what you get The reader will learn about Warren Buffett's approach to investing based on the difference between price and the intrinsic value of a company, and the importance of fundamental analysis in making investment decisions. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 20. Balance sheet: taking the first steps The reader will learn about the structure of the balance sheet, including the concepts of assets, liabilities, and equity. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 21. Assets I prioritize The reader will learn which balance sheet items are most important for assessing a company's sales performance, and why the author focuses on cash, accounts receivable, and inventory when analyzing current assets. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 22. A sense of debt The reader will learn about the structure of liabilities and shareholders' equity on a company's balance sheet, including the differences between short-term and long-term debt, and will understand how to analyze debt burden when assessing a company's financial health. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 23. At the beginning was the Equity The reader will learn about a company's capital structure, including the concepts of retained earnings and return on investment, and will understand how these items are reflected in the balance sheet. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 24. The income statement: the place where profit lives The reader will learn about the structure of a company's income statement, including key indicators: revenue, cost, gross and operating profit, as well as the importance of these metrics for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise and their impact on the dynamics of stock prices. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 25. My precious-s-s-s EPS The reader learns that earnings per share (EPS) is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the number of common shares outstanding, and that diluted EPS considers potential increases in the share count due to employee options and other factors that affect earnings distributions. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 26. What should I look at in the Income statement? The reader will learn which key income statement metrics — such as revenue, gross profit, operating expenses, debt service expense, net income, and diluted earnings per share (EPS Diluted) — the author believes are most important for assessing a company's financial health. Duration of study: 10 minutes. 27. Cash flow statement or Three great rivers The reader will learn about the structure of the cash flow statement, which includes three main flows: operating, financial and investing, and will understand how these cash flows affect the financial condition of the company. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 28. Cash flow vibrations The reader will learn how to analyze a company's operating, investment, and financial cash flows to assess its sustainability, strategy, and ability to effectively manage resources. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 29. Financial ratios: digesting them together The reader will learn that financial ratios are relations between various financial reporting indicators that allow an objective assessment of the financial condition and value of a company, and will understand how to use key multiples to analyze the investment attractiveness of a business. Duration of study: 25 minutes. 30. What can financial ratios tell us? The reader will learn about key financial ratios such as Diluted EPS, Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E), Gross Margin, Operating Expense Ratio, Return on Equity (ROE), Days Payable and Days Sales Outstanding, and Inventory to Revenue Ratio, and will understand how to use these metrics to assess a company's financial health and investment attractiveness. Duration of study: 30 minutes. Part three 31. Price / Earnings: Interpretation #1 The reader will learn how the P/E (price to earnings) ratio helps assess the value of a company by determining how many dollars an investor pays for each dollar of earnings, and will understand why a lower P/E may indicate that a company is undervalued. Duration of study: 25 minutes. 32. Price/Earnings: amazing interpretation #2 The reader will learn an alternative approach to interpreting the P/E ratio by viewing it as the number of years it takes to break even on an investment, assuming the company's earnings are stable. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 33. How to apply an indicator that is only available upon request? The reader will learn how scripts written in Pine Script work on the TradingView platform and what levels of access there are to them: from completely open to requiring an invitation from the author. The article explains how to request access to an indicator if it is restricted, and what steps to take to add it to a chart once permission is granted. Duration of study: 15 minutes. 34. How to assess the fundamental strength of the company? The reader will learn about the approach to assessing the financial stability of a company through the aggregation of key financial indicators and multipliers, allowing a visual and quantitative assessment of the dynamics and current state of the business. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 35. How to evaluate the work of company management? The reader will learn about the approach to assessing the effectiveness of a company's management through the prism of the concept described by Eliyahu Goldratt in his book "The Goal", which focuses on three key indicators: throughput, inventory and operational expenses, and will understand how these indicators affect the financial results of the enterprise. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 36. How to evaluate the state of a company's cash flows? The reader will learn about the importance of cash flow analysis in assessing a company's financial health, including the interpretation of operating, investing, and financing flows. Duration of study: 25 minutes. 37. How to catch the rainbow by the tail? The reader will learn how to determine optimal price ranges for buying stocks based on the principles of fundamental analysis and the idea of investing with a margin of safety. Duration of study: 40 minutes. 38. How to convert craziness into results? The reader will learn how to navigate market volatility, make smart stock selling decisions, and use a fundamental approach to turn emotional market swings into rational investment actions. Duration of study: 35 minutes. 39. How to use Replay to study indicators? The reader will learn how to use the Market Simulator feature on the TradingView platform to analyze historical data and test indicators, including step-by-step instructions for activating the simulator, selecting the start date, adjusting the playback speed, and interpreting the results when analyzing NVIDIA Corporation stock. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 40. How to explain my decision-making system? The reader will learn about the author's approach to choosing stocks for investment, which includes an analysis of the fundamental strength of the company, cash flow dynamics, news, P/E multiple and other aspects of the decision-making system. Duration of study: 35 minutes. 41. The most subjective facet of my decision-making system The reader will learn how news, although difficult to formalize, influences the investment decision-making process and why its interpretation is the most subjective aspect in stock evaluation. Duration of study: 35 minutes. 42. Full instructions for studying the fundamental strength of a company The reader will learn how to use applied tools to evaluate a company's financial results, visually track their dynamics over time, and analyze the movement of key cash flows, which accelerates the process of selecting companies with strong fundamental indicators. Duration of study: 90 minutes. 43. Full instructions for determining price ranges for opening and closing positions The reader will learn how to determine optimal price ranges and trade sizes when investing in stocks, based on the principles of value investing and Benjamin Graham's "margin of safety" concept. Duration of study: 120 minutes. 44. 10 tricks for developing discipline or here was Warren The reader will learn ten practical methods to help investors develop discipline, including using alerts, keeping a trading journal, and developing good habits, and will understand how discipline affects the achievement of investment goals. Duration of study: 40 minutes. 45. The Inside Out Investor The reader will learn how emotional states such as fear, excitement, and fear of missing out (FOMO) influence investment decisions and will understand how awareness of these emotions helps an investor stick to their chosen strategy and make informed decisions. Duration of study: 20 minutes. 46. Effective inefficiency The reader will learn about the different approaches to using Stop Losses in investment strategies, their impact on the profit/loss ratio, as well as the concept of market efficiency and strategies in it. Duration of study: 30 minutes. 47. Institute of Intermediation and 24 Coffee Lovers The reader will learn about the factors that create market inefficiencies, such as delays in the dissemination of information, high volatility, the actions of large players and participant errors, as well as the role of intermediaries - brokers and exchanges - in ensuring the efficiency and convenience of trading in financial markets. Duration of study: 25 minutes. 48. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind The reader will learn about the life of Charles Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, his investment philosophy based on common sense and discipline, as well as his views on the importance of personal relationships and moderation in achieving success. Duration of study: 5 minutes.
AMEX:SPYEducation
by Be_Capy
4
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless MindHere you have Charles Thomas Munger, the permanent vice president of one of the most successful companies in the world, Berkshire Hathaway. He was not at the origins of this business, but it was Charles, together with Warren Buffett, who turned a dying enterprise into a star of the world stock market. It didn't take a Master's degree in Business Administration or incredible luck. As Mr. Munger said, to succeed you don't necessarily have to strive to be the smartest, you just have to be not stupid and avoid the standard ways of failure. He worked as a meteorologist, then a lawyer, and finally as someone we know well - an investor who inspired many to take a smart approach to business and their own lives. “I don’t think you should become president or a billionaire because the odds are too great against you. It is much better to set achievable goals. I didn't set out to become rich, I set out to be independent. I just went a little overboard”, Charles joked. Wake up every morning, work hard, be disciplined and surprisingly, everything will work out very well. This commandment sounds a little archaic in times of rapid rise and easy money. However, for anyone who thinks years and decades ahead, it is difficult to come up with something better. Speaking to students at his hometown University of Michigan, Mr. Munger said the most important decision you make in life is not your business career, but your marriage. It will do more good or bad for you than anything else. He attached such great importance to human relationships. This correlates strongly with a study of human happiness that has been ongoing for over 85 years under the auspices of Harvard University. The scientists' main conclusion was that everything we build (portfolios, businesses, strategies) is worthless if there is no person in our lives to whom we can say a simple “I'm here”. Or “Thank you”. Or “I love you”. The healthiest and happiest in old age were not those subjects who earned the most. And those who have maintained good, trusting relationships. Marital. Friendly. Related. And in this light, Charles Munger's words about caution, moderation and common-sense sound quite different. It's not about money. It's about a life that can be lived with the feeling that you have enough. That you don't have to be a hero. That you can just be a reasonable person. Loving. Healthy. Calm. Perhaps this is the main secret of Mr. Munger's success in the stock market? In the long run, the one who has already won achieves a positive result. November 28th, 2023, was the last day of the cheerful Charlie's life. There were 34 days left until his 100th birthday.
NYSE:BRK.AEducation
by Be_Capy
3