Get started

Fundamental Analysis

Data Base Trading Part - 3 #NSE #BSE What exactly is an Option Chain? It is the complete picture pertaining to all the option strikes of the Nifty in a single frame. Remember, just as there is an option chain for the Nifty, you have option chains for all the key indices traded in F&O and also for individual stocks where options trading is permitted. Tips for Trading in Bank Nifty Option Stay Informed About Economic Events and Market Trends. ... Use Technical Analysis to Identify Patterns and Trends. ... Develop a Trading Plan and Stick to It. ... Set Realistic Targets and Stop Losses. ... Use Options Greeks to Assess Risk and Return. Bank Nifty is considered one of the best indices for options trading due to its high liquidity, volatility, and significant price movements. These characteristics offer ample trading opportunities and the potential for substantial profits in a short time frame.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
Data Base Trading Part -2 #NSE #BSE #OptionchainTo study an option chain, focus on the current market price, displayed in the centre. Analyse the built-up data to understand market direction based on recent changes in open interest and price. ITM call options are typically highlighted in yellow, making it easier to distinguish them from other options. Nifty option chain is considered to be the best advance warning system of sharp moves or break outs in the index. So, if you see an aggressive increase in open interest in puts, it is most likely being led by the institutions who are selling puts and it hints at a support level below which the market is unlikely to fall. The reverse interpretation holds in case of call options OI movement. You can position your trades accordingly.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
Data Base Trading Part -1 #NSE #BSE #OptionchainOption chain: Option chains provide specific data related to options contracts, including strike prices, expiration dates, implied volatility, and open interest. Traders use this data to construct options strategies, manage risk, and profit from price movements in the underlying asset. An option chain has two sections: calls and puts. A call option gives the right to buy a stock while a put gives the right to sell a stock. The price of an options contract is called the premium, which is the upfront fee that an investor pays for purchasing the option. Nifty option chain is considered to be the best advance warning system of sharp moves or break outs in the index.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
1
The Psychology of Money--The Psychology of Money -- 1. Real wealth is the money that you don't see 2. Focus on lowering risk, not maximizing reward 3. Focus only on factors you can control 4. Compound interest x Time = wealth 5. Money doesn't get peoples' respect 6. Only take risks you can recover from 7. Never ever happened won't happen 8. Focus on your systems, not outcomes 9. Plan for when the plan goes sideways 10. Money only solves money problems 11. Your goals will not be the same forever 12. Don't take permanent decisions lightly 13. Money is just a tool, not the goal 14. Learn to say when you have "enough" 15. Talk is cheap, you are your actions 16. Decisions are never perfectly rational 17. Don't fear change. It will happen inevitably 18. Some lessons must be experienced to be understood 19. Desperate people believe whatever sounds like salvation 20. The best thing that money can buy is your freedom.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
The Five Pillars Of Wealth #FutureTopic = The Five Pillars Of Wealth The BIGGEST reason you don’t reach your goals is… Not what you think. It’s not just laziness… Not the obstacles that life throws your way… It’s your lack of CONVICTION. You see, When you’re chasing a goal, but the path to achieve it is uncertain… You fear that you might be wasting your effort. So what do you do? 👉 You stop taking action. You stop working so hard. You start to procrastinate. Our lack of CONVICTION is the very root of our laziness! But, What if you KNEW it would work out eventually? Wouldn’t you be rushing to get to work now? That’s why belief must come first. Even when the odds aren’t in your favor. Sure, not everything you believe is possible, is actually possible. But… Everything you believe isn’t possible, will never be possible. Belief. Must. Come. First.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
PCR For Intraday Option's Trader Certainly! The Put-Call Ratio (PCR) is a statistical indicator used in options trading to gauge market sentiment. It compares the trading volume of put options (which give the right to sell an asset at a predetermined price) to that of call options (which give the right to buy an asset at a predetermined price) for a specific underlying security (such as a stock or ETF) within a given timeframe (usually a day or a week). The formula for calculating the PCR is: PCR=Call Option OI / Put Option  OI​ Here’s what it tells us: A rising PCR (greater than 0.7 or exceeding 1) indicates that traders are buying more puts than calls. This suggests bearish sentiment, as investors may be speculating that the market will move lower or hedging their portfolios against a potential sell-off. A falling PCR (below 0.7 and approaching 0.5) is considered a bullish indicator. It means more calls are being bought relative to puts, signaling optimism about a bull market ahead. Remember that the put-call ratio can be influenced by recent events, earnings reports, and overall market conditions.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
PCR (PUT CALL RATIO) With Professionals The Put Call Ratio (PCR) is a tool in the stock market to understand how investors feel about a stock or the market's future. It compares the number of put options to call options traded. More puts traded mean investors expect prices to fall (bearish). More calls traded mean investors expect prices to rise (bullish). PCR is also considered as a contrarian indicator which helps traders not to get caught in the herd mood of the market. Based on the extreme PCR ratio, the trader might take a call to buy or sell against the prevailing mood of the market
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
2
Option Trading with Professionals Options are financial contracts that give the holder the right (but not the obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument (like stocks, funds, commodities, or indexes) at a specific price within a certain time frame. There are two main types of options: Call options: Give the right to buy the underlying asset. Put options: Give the right to sell the underlying asset. Options derive their value from an underlying asset, and a stock option contract typically represents 100 shares of the underlying stock. Key Features of Options: Strike Price: The price at which an option can be exercised. Expiration Date: The date at which an option expires and becomes worthless. Option Premium: The price at which an option is purchased.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
1
Trading Vs Investment In INDIAN STOCK MarketThere are so many opinions are running in the market in the name of STRATEGY. Somebody is saying -"Investment is safer than trading." But not similarly nobody or rarely anybody is saying ' trading skill is very important to know' Then what to do? Discussing problem is not the solution obviously. In a very simple format I can say. Example: You need Rs.30k per month as income. If you have skill to generate 2% ROI from X cap, then you need 15L corpus in hand. Your strategy must have some valuable points Risk Reward, Minimum Cap Req, ROI and Frequency of trade. Now coming to the conclusion. If you don't have 15k corpus and you don't have skill to generate 2% ROI per month then 30000 per month expectation is useless. So trading and investment nothing will work here. But if you no need to earn monthly from this market then INVESTMENT is completely fine. But if you need earning regularly then you need to know trading and investment both. So both skills are important depends upon your requirement. I hope this will give a brief view on trading and investment. Please let me know if you want to know more insightful topics like that or any specific topic that I can share with you.
GEMINI:BTCUSDEducation
by dipanjanxsamanta
2
Stay Ahead: Essential Tips to Avoid Trading PitfallsHello TradingView Community! I'm excited to share some valuable insights on trading pitfalls and how to navigate them effectively. Trading in financial markets can be a challenging journey, but understanding common pitfalls and methods to avoid them can significantly enhance your success. Here are 10 pitfalls traders often encounter and actionable strategies to help you steer clear of them: Having No Trading Plan: Entering trades without a plan can lead to impulsive decisions. Develop a clear trading plan outlining your goals, strategies, entry and exit points, and risk management. Using Strategies That Don't Match Your Personality: Align your trading strategies with your personality, risk tolerance, and lifestyle. A good match helps you stay consistent and focused. Having Unrealistic Expectations: Set realistic goals based on your initial capital and risk tolerance. Trading is not a quick path to wealth, so be patient and persistent. Taking Too Much Risk: Avoid over-leveraging and using excessive position sizes. Implement risk management techniques like stop-loss orders and diversification. Not Having Rules to Follow: Create a set of trading rules to guide your decisions. These rules provide structure and help you stay disciplined. Not Being Flexible to Market Conditions: Adaptability is key in trading. Monitor the markets and adjust your strategies as conditions change. Failing to Take Responsibility for Your Results: Own your successes and mistakes. This mindset empowers you to learn, grow, and improve your trading. Being Addicted to Volatility: While volatility can be exciting, avoid chasing it for thrills. Focus on making well-reasoned decisions based on your plan. Not Having a Process to Keep Track of Your Performance: Maintain detailed records of your trades and their outcomes. Analyze this data to identify patterns and refine your strategies. Not Dealing with Your Emotional Risk: Emotions can cloud your judgment in trading. Practice emotional intelligence and techniques like meditation or journaling to stay composed. Neglecting Proper Research and Due Diligence: Relying solely on tips or rumors can lead to poor decisions. Conduct thorough research and due diligence on potential trades and investments. Overcomplicating Your Trading Strategy: Complex strategies may not always lead to better results. Simplify your approach to focus on proven methods and avoid overanalyzing the market. Ignoring the Importance of Continuous Learning: The markets evolve, and so should your knowledge and strategies. Stay updated on market trends and continuously educate yourself to stay ahead. There is no trade without a stop-loss: This point emphasizes the importance of having a stop-loss in place before entering any trade. It highlights risk management as a fundamental part of trading, ensuring that you have a clear exit strategy to limit potential losses. If you have to re-analyze charts after being in a trade, you might be going in the wrong direction: This point underscores the importance of trusting your initial analysis and trading plan. It warns against second-guessing or changing your plan mid-trade, which could indicate you may be heading in the wrong direction. By implementing these strategies, you can enhance your trading experience and improve your performance over time. Remember, successful trading is a journey that requires discipline, patience, and continuous learning. I hope you find these insights helpful. Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments. Let's continue to support each other and grow as a community! Happy trading! RK💕 I am not Sebi registered analyst. My studies are for educational purpose only. Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing. I am not responsible for any kinds of your profits and your losses. Most investors treat trading as a hobby because they have a full-time job doing something else. However, If you treat trading like a business, it will pay you like a business. If you treat like a hobby, hobbies don't pay, they cost you...! Disclaimer and Risk Warning. The analysis and discussion provided on in.tradingview.com/u/RK_Charts/ is intended for educational purposes only and should not be relied upon for trading decisions. RK_Charts is not an investment adviser and the information provided here should not be taken as professional investment advice. Before buying or selling any investments, securities, or precious metals, it is recommended that you conduct your own due diligence. RK_Charts does not share in your profits and will not take responsibility for any losses you may incur. So Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing.
Editors' picks
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by RK_Chaarts
13
Falling Knife stocks-How to identify them?I have discussed in previous post about what exactly falling knife stock is with a case study. The next question would be how would an investor know that stock is a part of falling knife category? To identify such stocks, I feel you should know about 2 concepts/indicators which are Moving averages and Fibonacci retracement. I will try to make you understand these concepts and also the levels where averaging/investing can be started. 1. Fibonacci(Fib) is a mathematical concept which governs the entire universe, even our stock markets. I can't explain the entire scientific concept here so just sticking to stock market. Fib retracements help investors identify support and resistance for stock. There are 2 golden ratios which every investor must know, 38.2%(0.382) and 61.8%(0.618). When a stock is in uptrend, 38.2% is the level where most stocks retrace upto. 61.8% is considered as last ray of hope for bounce in retracement. Any stock which has fallen below 61.8% is considered weak. 2. Moving averages(MA) are indicators which are continuously changing with moving stock market. These are an average of prices over a time period, hence Time frame is important. There are many types of moving average, we use mostly simple and exponential. When I say 20 Day EMA, it is Exponential average of 20 days of closing price of stock or when I say 200 week SMA, it is simple average of 200 weeks closing price. Exponential is more used than Simple moving average which has scientific reason behind it so if you are curious, you can search for it. 200 Week moving average is considered as last ray of hope for investment. A fall below 200 Week moving average or 50 Month EMA indicates strong bearishness. 3. I have seen stocks reach from top to bottom and top again. Tata motors, HDFCAMC being few famous examples. Even, Most of real estate, PSU banks stocks are reversing. So, equity is beautiful, wild and highly unpredictable. However, A stuck investor should wait for monthly closing above 61.8% to start averaging in such stocks. Also, a closing above 200 Week EMA will slightly indicate return of bullishness and that's where reversal traders should think of investing I feel this much knowledge is enough for now. If you have got some enlightenment from above information, lets apply this knowledge on one stock where I know many many investors are stuck, Rajesh Exports. How do I know? I saw the shareholding pattern and that's where I was shocked to see the number of shareholders increase from 45000 odd to over 2 lakhs in the past 9 months! Starting with fundamentals, Rajesh Exports Ltd is 4 decade old manufacturer of Gold and Gold Products available at a PE of around 9 and sales growth of 20% in last 3 years. All the ratios feel nice to me except the operating margin which is below 2% consistently which has led to drop in EPS which is major concern in the stock. Technically, stock had a 52 week high of 1030 in Feb 2023 and it is now available at 360 odd which is more than 60% wealth destroyed. And as I said, the number of shareholders have grown 5x in the same time. (Note that FII, DII holding has reduced in same period). If i see now from a non-investors perspective(psychology explains that investor can never see the bearishness), the stock has formed a beautiful double top and broken its neckline which was 61.8% of fib retracement all ready for a further fall and I see no support till 270-300 zone(sorry investors). It is also below 200 week moving average-red wavy line(if you check monthly chart, it is below 200 month moving average as well). A perfect example of Falling knife. What next? If I were an investor, My last SL would have been 525 which is 50% retracement. Since, the stock is below 61.8% retracement , there is no chance of averaging at this moment. Hence, I feel investors should wait & watch until stock moves above 440 before averaging/entering. Don't jump in it. Wait for a big bullish monthly candle before averaging. Also.... As promised,, I am sharing you names of stock which i have identified to be part of this unloved category. As an homework, do check fundamentals and reversal levels based on what we have discussed above. The stocks are GRINFRA, TCNSClothing, Metropolis, Luxindustries, Polyplex, HLEGlasscoat, Deltacorp, Barbequenation. If you are a curious investor, even you can find such stocks and do let me know in the comments below. I would like to discuss any doubts regarding the concepts, idea or anything related to stock market so feel free to comment. Keep investing, keep minting. India has a very big future ahead so these are the best few years to invest in India.Be a smart investor because it is important that you choose the right stock to meet your financial goals.
NSE:RAJESHEXPOEducation
by chartistamey
10
HOW-TO use the Fundamental Strength Indicator? (full guide)Below is the complete instruction on how to use the Fundamental Strength Indicator . Part 1: The Fundamental Strength of the Company To understand what it is for, let's imagine that you manage a long-distance running team, and you need to recruit a team of excellent athletes. However, you don’t even know the names of these athletes or their contract amounts. You only have information about their health and athletic performance: hemoglobin and iron content in the blood, maximal oxygen consumption, steps-per-minute rate, speed, age, etc. Each player has their own large table with different parameters. And you have, let’s say, a thousand tables like that. If you spend 3 minutes studying one table, it will take you 50 hours to analyze all the tables, which is just over 2 days of continuous work. And how long would it take to compare each athlete with the rest? Approximately 2 years of continuous work. This is obviously no good, that is why you take a computer, enter all the data from the tables and start thinking about how you can reduce the time to compare one athlete with another. As a result of your brainstorming, you come to the following conclusions: — Each parameter has its range of values, which can give you an idea of whether an athlete is suitable or not suitable for a marathon. — The parameter may have its dynamics: it may increase from month to month, stay the same, or decrease. — Each parameter can be assigned a score. For example, the step-per-minute rate can be: — 175 and above (+1 point) — 165–174 (0 points) — 164 and below (-1 point) And you do that with each parameter. What are these points for? To convert indicators that use different units into one measurement system. Thanks to this method, you can now compare apples to oranges. Then, you sum up all the points per month and get one single number — let's call it athletic strength. You like your thought process, and you apply this algorithm to every athlete’s table. Now, instead of dozens of parameters per month, you have one number (athletic strength) for each athlete. It looks like your task has been dramatically simplified. Next, to study the dynamics of athletic strength from month to month, you “ask” your computer to create a plot for each of the athletes. This chart shows that Athlete #1's athletic strength has fluctuated chaotically in the first three quarters of 2022, possibly due to the lack of regular training. But then you observe a positive trend, where athletic strength has grown from month to month. It seems like the athlete has taken up training. Then, to compare one athlete with another, you “ask” your computer to add the average value of athletic strength over the past six months (average pre-competition training period) to the existing plot. Now, you can use the most average recent value as a weighted score of athletic strength and compare athletes with each other based on this value. Thanks to this solution, you accelerate the analysis process by a magnitude: one athlete – one number. It appears that you can then simply sort the table by the highest athletic strength weighted score and consider the best athletes. However, not wanting to sort the table every time the data is updated or when you get new athletes, you make a better decision. The logic behind the points system implies that there is a maximum and a minimum possible number of points that one athlete can get. This allows you to create ranges of scores for athletes with excellent, mediocre, and poor training. For example, let’s say the maximum is 15 and the minimum is -15. Athletes with a score of 8 to 15 will be considered as strong, 1 to 7 – mediocre, and 0 to -15 – weak. That’s it! Now, thanks to this gradation, you can simply check which range the weighted athletic strength falls within, and decide whether each athlete will be admitted to the team. I believe that now your primary selection will take no more than one working day (including a lunch break). Now let's mentally replace athletes with public companies. Instead of data on health and athletic performance, we will have data from the companies’ financial statements and financial ratios. Applying a similar algorithm, we will get the fundamental strength of the company instead of athletic strength. I think it's time to show the Fundamental Strength Indicator . Let's launch! What do we see? — First, it is a Histogram with bars of three colors: green, orange, and red. The width of the histogram depends on the depth of data from the company statements. The more historical data, the wider the histogram over time. The green color of the bars means that the company has been showing excellent financial results by the sum of the factors in that period. According to my terminology, the company has a “strong foundation” during this period. Green corresponds to values between 8 and 15 (where 15 is the maximum possible positive value on the sum of the factors). The orange color of the bars means that according to the sum of factors during this period the company demonstrated mediocre financial results, i.e., it has a “mediocre foundation” . Orange color corresponds to values from 1 to 7. The red color of the bars means that according to the sum of factors in this period of time, the company demonstrated weak financial results, i.e., it has a “weak foundation” . The red color corresponds to values from -15 to 0 (where -15 is the maximum possible negative value on the sum of factors). — Second, this is the Blue Line , which is the moving average of the Histogram bars over the last year (*). Averaging over the year is necessary to obtain a weighted estimate that is not subject to medium-term fluctuations. It is by the last value of the blue line that the actual Fundamental Strength of the company is determined. (*) The last year means the last 252 trading days, including the current trading day. — Third, these are operating, investing, and financing Cash Flows expressed in Diluted net income. These flows look like thick green, orange, and red lines, respectively. — Fourth, this is the Table on the left, which shows the latest actual value of the Fundamental Strength and Cash Flows. Indicator settings: In the indicator settings, I can disable the visibility of the Histogram, Blue Line, Cash Flows (each separately), and Table. It helps to study each of the parameters separately. It is also possible to change the color, transparency, and thickness of lines. The movie Moneyball was released in 2011, where Brad Pitt plays the role of Billy Bean, the sports manager of the Oakland Athletics baseball team. With a small budget, he managed to assemble a high-scoring team based on the analysis of player performance. As a result, this approach was applied by other teams in the league, and Billy Bean received massive recognition from the professional community. Part 2: Benchmark Business Model One day, when I had already grasped the concept of the Fundamental Strength of a company, I was returning home from vacation. I was in a taxi and the driver was listening to an audiobook. As the drive took longer than an hour, I had nothing to do but listen to the story. I liked the content. It was a fictional novel with a plot centered around the main character named Alex Rogo. He is a manager of one of the three enterprises of the UniCo corporation. Even though Alex spends all his time and energy on work, things are not going very well for the company: over the past six months, the company has only had losses. This leaves Alex's executives no choice but to give him an ultimatum: if he can’t radically improve the situation in three months, the enterprise will be shut down, and he will be left without a job. At the same time, Alex's wife is tired of her husband’s absence in her personal life, so she decides to leave him. Anyway, the story's beginning turned out to be very dramatic, and I wondered how Alex would cope with all this. Luckily, in this stressful time, he meets his former physics teacher Jonah, who now consults companies regarding efficient production. Alex tells his old acquaintance about what’s going on and how he managed to increase labor productivity at the enterprise after purchasing new robots. However, the losses continue to hang over his head like the sword of Damocles. After listening to Alex's story, Jonah wisely suggests that the problem with his enterprise lies in the management is concerned about anything but the main goal of their business, which is creating money or profit. Jonah explains to Alex that all management ideas related to expanding the sales market, using new technologies, or improving product quality can lead the company to a disaster if fundamental things are not considered. In his opinion, management should only focus on three indicators: — Throughput , which is the rate at which a company makes money through sales. — Inventory , which is all the money invested by the company in assets: premises, equipment, patents, raw materials, etc.: that is, in something that can then be sold. — Operational expenses , which are all the money a company spends turning investments into cash, or something that can’t be sold, such as the salary of employees, the cost of rent, payment for delivery services, etc. Thus, the management’s job is to make improvements that will ultimately lead to an increase in Throughput and a decrease in Inventory and Operational expenses. For example, Alex’s purchase of robots to increase the number of products produced has led to an increase in production. However, suppose you look at it through the prism proposed by Jonah. In that case, we actually have the following picture: Inventory has increased, Operational expenses have not decreased (no one has been fired), and the robots can’t contribute to sales growth in any way (the Throughput is not increasing). As a result, this was not an improvement, but a deterioration. The accumulation of such bad decisions eventually leads to the unprofitability of the company. Conversely, continuous improvements that will increase the Throughput and reduce Inventory and Operational expenses will inevitably lead to achieving the main goal – making money. After I got home, I tried to find this book on the Internet. It turned out that it was written by physicist and philosopher Eliyahu M. Goldratt back in 1984. The novel is called The Goal . That’s when I realized that if the company's management adheres to the approach described by Goldratt, then after a while, we will most likely see a fundamentally strong company. And the Fundamental Strength Indicator clearly shows how much the management has succeeded along this path. For example, according to Goldratt, an increase in Throughput should lead to an increase in Earnings per share (EPS) and Total revenue . The reduction in Inventory may be linked with a decrease in Inventory to revenue ratio . Optimization of Operational expenses will definitely reduce the Operating expense ratio . All these parameters are considered when calculating the Fundamental Strength of the company. So, let's move on to the methodology for calculating the Fundamental Strength Indicator. The main idea that inspired me to create this indicator is: "Even if you buy just 1 share of a company, treat it like buying the whole business" . Guided by this approach, you can imagine what kind of business an investor is interested in owning and simultaneously determine the input parameters for calculating the indicator. For me, a benchmark business is: — A business that operates efficiently without diminishing the return on shareholders' investment. To assess the efficiency and profitability of a business, I use the following financial ratios(*): Diluted EPS and Return on Equity (ROE). The first two parameters for calculating the indicator are there. — A business that scales sales and optimizes its costs. From this perspective, the following financial ratios are suitable: Gross margin, Operating expense ratio, and Total revenue. Plus three other metrics. — A business that turns goods/services into cash quickly and does not fall behind on payments to suppliers. The following financial ratios will fit here: Days payable, Days sales outstanding, and Inventory to revenue ratio. These are three more metrics. — A business that does not resort to significant accounts payable and shows financial strength. Here I use the following financial ratios: Current ratio, Interest coverage, and Debt to revenue ratio. These are the last three parameters. (*) If you are keen to learn more about these financial ratios, I suggest reading my two articles on TradingView: Financial ratios: digesting them together What can financial ratios tell us? Next, each of the parameters is assigned a certain number of points based on its last value or the position of that value relative to the annual maximum and minimum. For example, if the Current ratio: — greater than or equal to 2 (+1 point); — less than or equal to 1 (-1 point); — more than 1 but less than 2 (0 points). Or for example, if Diluted EPS: — near or above the annual high (+2 points); — near the annual minimum and below (-2 points); — between the annual maximum and minimum (0 points). And so on with each of the parameters. As a result, the maximum number of points a company can score is 15 points. The minimum number of points a company can score is -15 points. These levels are marked with horizontal dotted lines: the green line is for the maximum value, and the red line is for the minimum. I track the number of points for each day of a company's life on a three-color Histogram. The resulting average value for the last year is on the Blue Line. For me, it is the last value of the Blue Line that determines: this is the actual Fundamental Strength of the company. As an additional filter, for example, when comparing two companies where all other conditions are equal: I use the dynamics of Cash Flows expressed in Diluted net income. These are the thick green, orange, and red lines over the Histogram. Examples: Below, I will evaluate various companies using the Fundamental Strength Indicator. Tesla, Inc. The indicator shows that since 2020, Tesla Inc. has been steadily increasing its Fundamental Strength (from 3.27 in Q1 2020 to 12.79 in Q1 2023). This is noticeable both by the color change of the Histogram from orange to green and by the rising Blue Line. If you look in detail at what has been happening with the financials during this time, it's clear what meaningful work the company has done. Revenues have almost quadrupled. Earnings per share have increased 134 times. At the same time, Total debt to revenue fell almost 10 times. Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. The company, formed in 2018 by the merger of Keurig Green Mountain and Dr Pepper Snapple Group, has failed to deliver outstanding financial results, causing its Fundamental Strength to fall from 4.63 in Q1 2018 to -0.53 in Q1 2023. During this period, the decline in diluted earnings per share was accompanied by higher debt and deteriorating liquidity. Costco Wholesale Corporation Wholesaler Costco has been surprisingly stable in its financial performance and with steady growth in both earnings and revenue. This is the reason the Histogram bars are exceptionally green throughout the calculation of the indicator. The Fundamental Strength has not changed in three years and is high at 11 points. Part 3: Company Cash Flow Dynamics The other day I came across an interesting article about the work of the Swiss company Glencore International AG in the 1990s. This company specializes in trading raw materials, and at that time it was actively trading with the countries that had left the USSR. None of those countries had foreign currency, and trust in local currencies had not yet appeared, so it was necessary to exchange commodities for commodities like in the Middle Ages. For example, to sell copper in Kazakhstan, a Swiss company bought raw sugar in Brazil, then took it to Ukraine for refining, then the refined sugar was exchanged for Siberian oil in Russia, then the oil was exchanged for copper ore in Mongolia, which was then sent to a plant in Kazakhstan to create copper suitable for sale on the world market. As we can see, money was used here only at the moment of purchase of raw sugar and sale of copper, the rest of the chain of transactions was an exchange of goods for goods. It turns out the following scheme: Money - Raw sugar - Refined sugar - Oil - Copper ore - Copper - Money' Of course, all of this made sense when Money' (with a stroke) equaled big money. Otherwise, the cost of preparing and executing such a complex transaction simply wouldn't have paid off. This example once again convinced me how significant a role money plays in any company's operations. Can you imagine the chaos that a business can become without money and having to make up similar supply chains? Money simplifies and accelerates all processes in a company, so competent management of these flows is the basis of an effective business. If you compare a company to a living organism, Cash Flow(*) is its circulatory system. It is thanks to this system that the company is supplied with everything it needs to produce goods or services. (*) If you are keen to learn more about Cash Flows, I suggest reading my two articles on TradingView: Cash flow statement or Three great rivers Cash flow vibrations Considering that cash flows play a fundamental role in the activity of any company, it is reasonable to assume that their analysis will give us the necessary information to decide. For this reason, an additional parameter was added to the Fundamental Strength Indicator : the dynamics of Cash Flows expressed in Diluted net income(*). (*) Since the value of income can be negative, the Diluted net income module is taken, that is, without the "minus" sign. Why do I use income as a unit of measure of Cash Flows? Because it is a good way to make the scale of indicator values the same for companies from different countries, with different currencies. It also allows you to use a single value scale for both Cash Flows and Fundamental Strength. So, let's take a look at how the dynamics of Cash Flows look like in the Fundamental Strength Indicator. These are three lines of different colors, which are located over the Histogram. Each of the flows corresponds to a specific color: — Operating cash flow: green line; — Investing cash flow: orange line; — Financing cash flow: red line. In this way, I can track the dynamics of the company's Cash Flow over time. To interpret the dynamics of Cash Flows, I pay attention to the following patterns: — How the cash flows are positioned in relation to each other; — In which zone each of the cash flows is located: in the positive or negative; — What is the trend of each of the cash flows; — How volatile each of the cash flows is. As an example, let's look at several companies to interpret the dynamics of their Cash Flows. John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc. This is the most ideal situation for me: operating cash flow (green line) is above the other cash flows, investment cash flow (orange line) is near zero and practically unchanged, and financial cash flow (red line) is consistently below zero. This picture shows that the company lives off its operating cash flow, does not increase its debt, does not spend a substantial amount of money on expensive purchases, and retains (does not sell off) assets. Parker Hannifin Corporation With stable operating cash flow (green line), the company implements investment programs by raising additional funding. This is noticeable due to an increase in financial cash flow (red line) and a simultaneous decrease in investment cash flow (orange line) with a significant deepening into negative areas. Apparently, there is not enough operating cash flow to realize the planned investments. One has to wonder how sustainable a company can be if it invests in its development using borrowed funds. Schlumberger N. V. The chaotic intertwining of cash flows outside the Fundamental Strength range (-15 to 15) is indicative of the company's rich life, but to me, it is an indicator of high riskiness of its actions. And as we can see, Fundamental Strength has only begun to strengthen in the last year, when the external appearance of cash flow has normalized. Thus, when the Fundamental Strength of two companies is equally good, I use an additional filter in the form of Cash Flow dynamics. This helps me to clarify my interest in this or that company. What is the value of the Fundamental Strength Indicator: — allows for a quantitative assessment of a company's financial performance in points (from -15 to 15 points); — allows you to visually track how the company's financial performance has changed (positively/negatively) over time; — allows to visually trace the movement of main cash flows over time; — accelerates the process of selecting companies for your shortlist (if you are focused on financial results when selecting companies); — allows you to protect yourself from investing in companies with weak and mediocre fundamentals. Mandatory requirements for using the indicator: — works only on a daily timeframe; — only applies to shares of public companies; — company financial statements for the last 4 quarters and more are required; — it is necessary to have the data from the Balance sheet, Income statement, and Cash flow statement, required for the calculation. If at least one component required for calculating the Fundamental Strength is missing, the message "no data to calculate the Fundamental Strength correctly" is displayed. In the same case, but for the operating cash flow, the message "no data to calculate the Operating Cash Flow correctly" is shown, and similarly for other flows. Risk disclaimer: When working with the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the additional filter in the form of Cash Flows, you should understand that the publication of the Balance sheet, Income statement, and Cash flow statement takes place sometime after the end of the financial quarter. This means that new relevant data for the calculation will only appear after the publication of the new statements. In this regard, there may be a significant change in the values of the Indicator after the publication of new statements. The magnitude of this change will depend both on the content of the new statements and on the number of days between the end of the financial quarter and the publication date of the statements. Until the date of publication of the new statements, the latest relevant data will be used for calculations. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the calculation of Fundamental Strength and Cash Flows requires the availability of data for all parameters of the valuation model . It uses data that is exclusively available on TradingView (there is no reconciliation with other sources). If at least one parameter is missing, I switch to another company's analysis to continue using the indicator. Thus, the Fundamental Strength Indicator and an additional filter in the form of Cash Flows make it possible to evaluate the financial results of the company based on the available data and the methodology I created. A simple visualization in the form of a three-color Histogram, a Blue line, and three thick Cash Flow lines significantly reduces the time for selecting fundamentally strong companies that fit the criteria of the selected model. However, this Indicator and/or its description and/or examples cannot be used as the sole reason for buying or selling stocks or for any other action or inaction related to stocks.
Editors' picks
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by Be_Capy
4
The most subjective facet of my decision-making systemIn the previous publication I started talking about my decision-making system. I use it when investing in stocks. This system allows me to answer three questions: - which stocks to choose? - at what price to make a trade? - and in what quantity? In this post, I will continue to answer the question Which stocks to pick? and tell you about another facet of my crystal. As you can see, my decision-making system is quite formalized. What do I mean? It has clear criteria for which a company must be checked before investing in its stocks. If we go deeper into this idea, we can say that the state of affairs in any public company can be assessed using numbers from its statements and stock exchange prices for its stocks. All this can be visualized, put into a form that is readable for the investor, and accelerate the decision-making process many times over. However, there is an area with information that hovers around the companies, directly or indirectly influences it, but is poorly formalized: this is News . News can be called a message related to a company and distributed through its website, media, and social networks. This message triggers an almost knee-jerk reaction among stock investors (and traders). They will try to interpret the information received, make a forecast, and in some cases even make a trade. It is for this reason that the moment the news is published is often accompanied by a sharp movement in the stock price and an increase in trading volume. The order book now has a lot more players than before. These are traders excited by the news, confident of what will happen next. Here I can’t help but recall the allegory about Crazy Mister Market from Benjamin Graham. It presents the market as a partner who is constantly knocking on your door and offering you crazy ideas (stock prices). Where does this mister get his madness from? My answer is simple — from the news. Despite this, I cannot help but pay attention to the news, I cannot help but interpret it, to build predictions in my head. This happens reflexively, as a reaction to boiling water hitting my skin. However, will I make a trade under the influence of this information? We'll talk about this at the end of the post. Let's find out what news is available and where to find it. In this publication, I will only consider matters relevant to the stock market. That is information that can directly or indirectly affect the state of affairs in the companies. As I work, I divide the news flow into two categories: macro-event and corp-event . A macro-event is something that can indirectly impact the state of affairs in a company since it impacts the external environment in which it lives. For example: 1. In the third quarter, US GDP grew by 4.9% year-on-year, which was better than expected (*). GDP Dynamics are a general economic indicator of economic growth in a particular country. This event only indirectly affects the business of the US companies. In other words, a company can be unprofitable even if the GDP in the country of its business is growing. (*) In the news, you will often see the following wording: - better than expected - worse than expected - as expected These are significant clarifications since it is believed that the exchange price already considers expectations for future events. Therefore, the coincidence with expectations will most likely be perceived calmly by market participants. Conversely, price fluctuations can be significant if the news can be qualified as a “surprise”. 2. The EPA is setting rules for a proposed “methane fee” on waste generated by oil and gas companies. This news also refers to macro events, as it impacts an entire industry: the oil and gas business. Moreover, please note that methane fee is only suggested. That is, it is not at all a fact that it will ultimately be implemented. Unlike macro events, a corp-event directly affects the state of affairs in the companies. Let's look at some of them. For example: 3. Hilton's (HLT) 3rd quarter Profit was in line with revenue forecasts. The news contains information about Hilton's financial results for the 3rd quarter. Of course, this directly impacts investors’ assessment of the company's prospects, and therefore the volume of investment in it. 4. Devastating wildfires have forced California's largest utility, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, to plan the sale of gas assets. Based on the news headline, we can conclude that the company is considering selling a significant part of its business (since the word “gas” even appears in the company name) to compensate for the damage from the devastating fires. Of course, this directly points to the difficult situation in the companies. Well, we figured out which news is considered a macro-event and which is a corporate event. Now let's find them where we need to. First, let's look at the event calendars that are available on TradingView. They are convenient because they inform us in advance what event to expect on the date in question. Let's start with the ⁣Economic calendar . You can find it in the main TradingView Products menu (Products -> Economic calendar ). This calendar shows upcoming publications of key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, ⁣ interest rate, unemployment, and inflation. It will also reflect national events — for example, presidential elections. Thus, you will only see macro events in it. Click on globe and select the country you are interested in, a group of countries, or the whole world: this way you will filter events by geography. If you are interested in tracking only important events, there is a special button for this High importance . There is also a three-column importance indicator next to each event. If all are shaded, the event is of maximum importance. You can expand any event, read information about it, view statistics, and even add it to your personal calendar. In terms of importance, the higher the importance of the event, the stronger the market reaction may be after the information is released. Furthermore, the strength of the reaction will depend on how much reality diverges from expectations for this event (with the forecast). Please note that the current value published is published to the left of the forecast, and the value for the previous period is published to the right. This allows you to evaluate the released metric over time. So, my standard set of filters for the economic calendar is: - Geography: all over the world; - High importance; - This week; - All categories. The economic calendar has been set up. There is another calendar on TradingView: this is Earnings calendar . It is located in the interface for working with Supercharts and, of course, is intended for analyzing corporate events. Once you go to the chart, click on the calendar icon in the menu on the right, and the events panel will open in front of you. The Earnings calendar will contain the names of the companies, their next reporting date, and analysts' estimates of earnings per share: EPS. In its meaning, this estimate is an average expectation or forecast. Therefore, any strong discrepancy between current data and the forecast value can greatly change the value of the company's stocks. By the way, you can check this simply by clicking on the company's name in the calendar: the window with the stock price chart will update instantly. The released earnings per share value can be viewed both on the chart itself and in the company's information (the top menu button on the right). The current value will be marked with either a red circle (below the forecast) or a green circle (above the forecast). The gray circle indicates the forecast itself. Calendars are convenient because they present us with the main essence of the news in a compressed, digitized form. The description of such news is not as important as the value of the key indicator. However, if you want to read classic text news about a related company, simply click on the lightning bolt icon on your chart. You can also find news grouped by asset class, region, news agency, etc. in the main menu of the TradingView site's root page. Of the groups presented, I most often use News Flow to get a general context of what is happening. Returning to my decision-making system, there is news (let's call it critical ) that can trigger the closure of a position or non-opening of a position in the shares of a particular company, even though the main indicators do not suggest this. To determine such news, I ask myself three questions: 1. Do I trust this news source? We are surrounded by many sources of news: social networks, news sites, television, etc. It’s easy to check everyone’s reputation on the Internet. Therefore, to take the news into account, you must trust its source. If you see significant news about a company, but it is not in reputable media resources and/or on the company's website, this is a reason to think whether the source is trying to increase its popularity through a loud headline and unverified content. 2. Does this news describe an accomplished fact? Even in reputable publications, you can find publications with versions of events, forecasts, and opinions. This is good food for thought. However, when deciding, I constantly try to separate the standpoint from the fact confirmed by a reliable source. Only facts can be considered when deciding. 3. Is an accomplished fact capable of leading the company to bankruptcy? This is a difficult question that requires an assessment of the company's economic damage, and its comparison with the level of total debt to creditors and current assets. Even if a company is facing bankruptcy, it can be saved by providing assistance from the government or other businesses. Answering this question, I can listen to the opinions of analysts and my intuition. Therefore, this is the most subjective facet of my decision-making system. I just have to tell myself: “Yes, this fact can lead the company to bankruptcy” or vice versa: “No, this news is bad, but it does not pose a critical threat to the business.” So, if I answer “yes” to all three questions, then I can close a position in the shares of a particular company or not open it, guided simply by my “yes, this should be done.” The fact is that critical news comes out now, and reporting on a specific date in the future: there is a time gap between these events. Therefore, I find myself in a situation where I just need to decide and evaluate it later, in the future, based on published reports. It is similar to flying an airplane that fails during transit. The pilot may not fully understand what happened, but the choice must be made right now. If I answer “no” to any of the three questions, then I continue to use other facets of my “crystal” in standard mode, and leave the news “just for my information.” In future publications, I will continue to elaborate on my decision-making system and share my approach to choosing the price and quantity of a stock trade.
NSE:RELIANCEEducation
by Be_Capy
Piotroski ScorePIOTROSKI SCORE What is a Piotroski Score ? Piotroski Score is a number between 0 and 9 which is used to determine the strength of a firm's financial position. The Piotroski score is used to determine the best value stocks, with 9 being the best and 0 being the worst. The Piotroski score is a favorite metric used to judge value stocks. The score is named after Stanford accounting professor Joseph Piotroski. It is based on 3 most important criteria: Profitability, Leverage and operating efficiency. Let's discuss all 9 points one by one:- 1. Positive Net Income (Score 1): If the company has a positive net income in the current year, it receives a score of 1; otherwise, it gets a score of 0. 2. Positive Operating Cash Flow (Score 1): Similar to the first point, if the company has positive operating cash flow in the current year, it receives a score of 1. 3. Return on Assets (ROA) Improvement (Score 1): If the ROA is higher in the current year compared to the previous year, the company receives a score of 1. 4. Cash Flow from Operations > Net Income (Score 1): If cash flow from operations is greater than net income, the company gets a score of 1. 5. Lower Long-term Debt to Assets (Score 1): If the ratio of long-term debt to total assets is lower in the current year compared to the previous year, the company receives a score of 1. 6. Higher Current Ratio (Score 1): If the current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) is higher in the current year compared to the previous year, the company gets a score of 1. 7. No New Share Issuance (Score 1): If the company did not issue new shares in the last year, it receives a score of 1. 8. Gross Margin Improvement (Score 1): If the gross margin is higher in the current year compared to the previous year, the company gets a score of 1. 9. Asset Turnover Improvement (Score 1): If the asset turnover ratio (sales divided by total assets) is higher in the current year compared to the previous year, the company receives a score of 1. Notes:- If a company has a score of eight or nine, it is considered a good value. If a company has a score of between zero and two points, it is likely not a good value. 17 Indian Stocks with Piotroski Score 9 are:- - Gabriel India - C P C L - Amara Raja Ener. - Elecon Engg.Co - Force Motors - GE Shipping Co - ISGEC Heavy - JK Paper - Jyothy Labs - Kirl. Brothers - KNR Construct - Mah. Seamless - Nava - Neuland Labs. - IFB Industries - Prudent Corp. - Bikaji Foods Like other Fundamental tools, Piotroski Score also is not a holy grail. It can only assist you in selecting a good stock. But you can only succeed with proper position sizing, risk management and following correct trading Psychology (No overtrade, No greed, No revenge trade etc). This idea is for Educational purpose and paper trading only. Please consult your financial advisor before investing or making any position. Facts or Data given above may be slightly incorrect. We are not SEBI registered.
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by MasterTrader1949X
1
Understanding Impact of Bond Yield Differential on EquitiesOver the past decade the interest rate differential between US and India has been constantly going down. This has largely been due to stronger fiscal position of India and also gradual weakening of US Public Finances. This has led to the Rupee becoming more stable against the Greenback, thereby reducing the rate of inflation in India. Further, this has resulted in rising of equity markets over the last decade, and more importantly, the same setup is likely to stay or become better over the next two decades. Hence long term retail investors in India can benefit from this by placing algo based orders to buy Index ETFs on dips and reduce their cost of buying and stay invested over the long term thereby getting benefit of power of compounding. --------------------- Trading View Script:
Editors' picks
TVC:IN10YEducation
by MBIPL
7
Trading Gyan 👑👑🤑💸💸💸💸💸 ​Technical trading is a broader style that is not necessarily limited to trading. Generally, a technician uses historical patterns of trading data to predict what might happen to stocks in the future. This is the same method practiced by economists and meteorologists: looking to the past for insight into the future. NOTE #We Are Not Promote Anything #This channel Purpose to share market ideas. Thanks for Watching🙏
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
2
Option Trading By Professional's🤑💲💸✔✔👑Royal Trend👑 Topic Trading Things Topic - Option Trade and Trading 💸💸💸💸👑🤑 #If u Buy stock without stop loss that mean U are weak in Physiology #Train Your self To take small trade with Stop-loss How to make Big Profit💸 With Small Account In this video we try to Identify Trend and Entry By Big Bull👑🤑🤑💸💸 How market really work with number's How important is option chain analysis? The option chain analysis data provides a very comprehensive view for all the available options for any particular underlying asset. This helps in understanding and selecting the correct option for trading or investment purpose. Difference between technical analysis and option trading Technical analysis and options trading can go hand in hand. Many of the best practices for options trading come directly from technical analysis concepts. Technical analysis focuses on price. Fundamental analysis does not solely focus on price. why we learn option chain? Option chain is a chart that will give in-depth information related to all stock contracts available for Nifty stocks. The best thing about the option chain is that it provides valuable information about the current security value and how it will affect it in the long term. What is the purpose of option chain? It can be used in creating an option strategy at several strike prices. It can be used to analyse and draw noteworthy insights about the stock and its probable movements. It helps the traders in evaluating the liquidity and the depth of the option contract. Technical trader ​Technical trading is a broader style that is not necessarily limited to trading. Generally, a technician uses historical patterns of trading data to predict what might happen to stocks in the future. This is the same method practiced by economists and meteorologists: looking to the past for insight into the future. NOTE #We Are Not Promote Anything #This channel Purpose to share market ideas. Thanks for Watching🙏
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub
Technical analysis or Option Analysis👑💸💸💸💸💸💸💸💸👑Royal Trend👑 Topic Trading Things Topic - Option Trade and Trading 💸💸💸💸👑🤑 #If u Buy stock without stop loss that mean U are weak in Physiology #Train Your self To take small trade with Stop-loss How to make Big Profit💸 With Small Account In this video we try to Identify Trend and Entry By Big Bull👑🤑🤑💸💸 How market really work with number's How important is option chain analysis? The option chain analysis data provides a very comprehensive view for all the available options for any particular underlying asset. This helps in understanding and selecting the correct option for trading or investment purpose. Difference between technical analysis and option trading Technical analysis and options trading can go hand in hand. Many of the best practices for options trading come directly from technical analysis concepts. Technical analysis focuses on price. Fundamental analysis does not solely focus on price. why we learn option chain? Option chain is a chart that will give in-depth information related to all stock contracts available for Nifty stocks. The best thing about the option chain is that it provides valuable information about the current security value and how it will affect it in the long term. What is the purpose of option chain? It can be used in creating an option strategy at several strike prices. It can be used to analyse and draw noteworthy insights about the stock and its probable movements. It helps the traders in evaluating the liquidity and the depth of the option contract. Technical trader ​Technical trading is a broader style that is not necessarily limited to trading. Generally, a technician uses historical patterns of trading data to predict what might happen to stocks in the future. This is the same method practiced by economists and meteorologists: looking to the past for insight into the future. NOTE #We Are Not Promote Anything #This channel Purpose to share market ideas. Thanks for Watching🙏
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by Optionclub