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Learn Institution Trading Part -6Introduction to Institutional Option Trading Institutional option trading refers to the sophisticated strategies used by hedge funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, proprietary trading firms, and foreign institutional investors (FIIs) to manage portfolios, hedge risks, and generate consistent alpha from the derivatives market. Unlike retail traders, institutions operate with large capital, access to advanced technology, and deep market insights, allowing them to structure complex trades. 2. Why Institutions Trade Options Institutions don’t usually trade options for quick profits. Their trades are designed to meet broader objectives: Hedging Equity Portfolios Volatility Trading Generating Yield on Holdings Market Making and Arbitrage Directional or Non-directional Speculation 3. Core Institutional Option Strategies Let’s explore the most popular strategies that institutions use with real-world logic behind them. A. Covered Call (Buy-Write) Use: Income generation from long-term stock holdings Structure: Buy stock + Sell Call Option (OTM or ATM) Institutional Use Case: A mutual fund holding Reliance shares might sell monthly call options against its holdings to generate monthly income (premium), enhancing total returns.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
7
Advanced Institutions Option Trading - Part 3Why Trade Options? Hedging against portfolio loss Leverage with limited capital Income generation through strategies like covered calls Directional trading using strategies like long calls or puts Investment Strategy using Options LEAPS (Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities): Investing in long-term call options Covered Calls: Generate income while holding stocks Cash-Secured Puts: Earn premium while waiting to buy a stock at lower price These are often used by investors to add flexibility and income to portfolios.
BSE:SENSEXEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Learn institutional Trading Part -5Option Buying vs Selling Option Buyers Pay premium Unlimited profit, limited risk Need strong directional movement Option Sellers (Writers) Receive premium Limited profit, unlimited risk Thrive in sideways or range-bound markets Need deep knowledge of Greeks and risk management 6. Popular Option Trading Strategies Beginner Strategies Long Call/Put – Directional trades Protective Put – Hedge stock losses Covered Call – Generate income from holdings Intermediate Strategies Bull Call Spread – Buy and sell calls of different strikes Bear Put Spread – Buy and sell puts Straddle – Buy both call and put at same strike (high volatility) Strangle – Buy OTM call and put (cheaper than straddle) Advanced Strategies Iron Condor – Neutral strategy with 4 legs Butterfly Spread – Limited risk range strategy Calendar Spread – Exploiting time decay differences Ratio Spread – More contracts sold than bought
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
3
Learn institution Trading Part -3How Option Prices Move – The Greeks Delta: Sensitivity to price change in the underlying Gamma: Rate of change of Delta Theta: Time decay – loss in value as expiry nears Vega: Sensitivity to Implied Volatility (IV) Rho: Interest rate sensitivity Understanding Greeks helps manage risk, adjust positions, and time trades better. 4. Why Traders Choose Options Leverage: Control large positions with limited capital Risk Control: Limited loss in buying options Flexibility: Multiple strategies (bullish, bearish, neutral) Hedging: Protect existing stock portfolios Income Generation: Through writing options like covered calls
NSE:HDFCBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Master class 9. Introduction to Option Trading Options are powerful derivative instruments that give buyers the right (not obligation) to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific time. They are commonly used for hedging, speculation, and income strategies. There are two basic types: Call Options: Right to buy Put Options: Right to sell Options derive value from stocks, indices (Nifty, Bank Nifty), commodities, or currencies and are traded on platforms like NSE in India. 2. Key Terminology in Option Trading Strike Price: Price at which the option can be exercised Premium: Cost of buying the option Expiry: Last day the option is valid Lot Size: Fixed number of underlying units (e.g., 50 for Nifty) Intrinsic Value: Real value of an option if exercised now Time Value: Portion of premium linked to time left before expiry ATM/ITM/OTM: At The Money, In The Money, Out of The Money – defines moneyness of options
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Advanced Technical Master classMulti-Timeframe Analysis involves analyzing multiple chart timeframes (Monthly, Weekly, Daily, 4H, 1H) to confirm trend direction and improve timing accuracy. Application: Identify long-term trend (Monthly/Weekly) Use Daily/4H for entry signals Filter noise with lower timeframes Key Tools: Moving Averages, Trendlines, MACD Module 2: Advanced Chart Patterns Key Patterns Covered: Harmonic Patterns (Gartley, Bat, Crab) Elliott Waves (Impulse & Corrective Waves) Wyckoff Method (Accumulation/Distribution Phases) Practical Use: Pattern + Volume = Strong Entry Combine with Fib levels for reversal confirmation Module 3: Volume Price Analysis (VPA) Core Principle: Volume precedes price. Learn to read volume spikes, absorption, and exhaustion. Indicators to Use: On Balance Volume (OBV) Volume Profile VWAP
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Institution Option Trading Part-7Regulatory & Risk Considerations SEBI (India) & SEC (US) regulations limit speculative exposure. Institutions must report Open Interest, Position Limits, Margin Usage. Must adhere to VaR (Value at Risk) frameworks and internal risk policies. Institutional Trading during Events Earnings Seasons: Institutions use straddles/strangles for earnings plays. Budget or RBI Policy: Protective collars/volatility trades. Global Crisis (e.g. COVID): Use of massive protective puts (SPX, NIFTY). VIX & Institutional Behavior India VIX plays a vital role in determining institutional option strategies. High VIX = buying protection, long gamma strategies. Low VIX = selling premium, income strategies.
NSE:SBINEducation
by SkyTradingZone
11
Institution Option Trading Part-1Role of Market Makers & Liquidity Providers Institutions often rely on market makers for tight bid-ask spreads. Market makers hedge every trade using delta-neutral strategies. Their presence helps institutions build or unwind large positions without disrupting prices. Institutional Examples in Option Trading Hedge Funds: Use volatility arbitrage, gamma scalping, dispersion trading. Insurance Firms: Use long-dated puts to hedge annuity products. Banks: Write structured products with option-like features (e.g., equity-linked notes). Asset Managers: Use protective puts or collars on core portfolios.
BSE:SENSEXEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Institution Option Trading Part-2.0Institutional Order Flow – Market Impact Option Flow as Signal: Large trades in options market may indicate upcoming moves in underlying assets. Unusual Options Activity (UOA): Tracked by smart money traders to anticipate institutional moves. Dark Pools: Institutions often use off-exchange mechanisms to avoid price impact. Tools & Analytics Used by Institutions Volatility Surface Analysis Greeks Sensitivity Scans (Delta, Gamma, Vega, Theta) Skew Charts & Term Structure Trade Cost Analysis (TCA) Liquidity Heatmaps Algo Execution Strategies (TWAP, VWAP)
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Institution Option Trading Part-6Introduction to Institutional Option Trading Institutional option trading refers to the use of options by large financial institutions such as hedge funds, pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and proprietary trading desks to manage risk, enhance returns, or speculate on price movements. Unlike retail traders, institutions bring scale, research, and complex strategies to the options market. Slide 2: Key Characteristics of Institutional Traders Large Capital Base: Institutions trade in bulk with millions or billions of dollars. Data Advantage: Access to premium data, analytics, and predictive algorithms. Advanced Infrastructure: High-frequency execution systems, smart order routing. Risk Management Focus: Use options for hedging equity, credit, FX, or commodity exposure. Regulatory Boundaries: Subject to risk limits, compliance, and disclosures
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Institution Option Trading Part-5Popular Strategies Tested via Option Database IV Crush Earnings Strategy Buy/sell options before earnings when IV is high, expecting post-earnings IV drop. High OI Breakouts Trade breakouts from strikes with high OI using price+OI correlation. Skew Arbitrage Analyze IV skew and trade underpriced/overpriced strikes accordingly. Time Decay Capture (Theta) Sell options with high Theta before expiry using historical decay rates. 💡 Advantages of Option Database Trading Quantitative Edge: Allows logic-based decisions over emotion-driven trades. Backtesting Confidence: Know the probability of success before risking capital. Scalability: Can analyze hundreds of symbols and expiry combinations. Automation Ready: Can link with brokers to run fully algorithmic systems.
BSE:SENSEXEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Power of India VixWhy India VIX Matters? ✅ Predicts Market Sentiment: Spikes in VIX often precede sharp market moves. ✅ Option Pricing Insight: High VIX = Expensive Options; Low VIX = Cheaper Options. ✅ Helps Strategy Selection: High VIX: Favor credit strategies (Iron Condor, Strangle Sell). Low VIX: Favor debit strategies (Buy Call/Put, Spread Buy). ✅ Risk Management Tool: Helps gauge when to reduce exposure or go aggressive. Option trading is a financial strategy where traders buy and sell options contracts — financial instruments that derive value from underlying assets like stocks or indices. Each option gives the buyer the right (not obligation) to buy (Call) or sell (Put) at a specified price before expiry.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Trading Road Map 1. Foundation Stage (Beginner Level) Understand Markets: Equity, Commodity, Forex, Derivatives Basic Concepts: What is a stock, index, option, futures Learn Platforms: TradingView, Zerodha, Upstox Risk Awareness: Avoid FOMO, control emotions, capital safety 🔹 2. Skill Building Stage (Intermediate Level) Technical Analysis: Charts, Patterns, Indicators (MACD, RSI, Moving Averages) Fundamental Analysis: Earnings, Balance Sheets, PE ratio Paper Trading: Practice without risking money Journaling: Track trades, wins/losses, and learn from mistakes 🔹 3. Strategy Development (Advanced Level) Create Systems: Scalping, Swing, Positional Options Mastery: Strategies like Iron Condor, Straddle, Spread Risk Management: Position sizing, SL rules, R:R ratio Backtesting: Validate your strategy on historical data 🔹 4. Execution & Scaling (Pro Level) Discipline & Psychology: Stick to plans, stay unemotional Automation & Tools: Algo Trading, Screeners Capital Scaling: From ₹10K to ₹10L+ systematically Diversification: Trade across assets, build passive income
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Advanced Technical Trading Advanced Technical Trading: A Deep Dive Introduction Advanced technical trading goes beyond basic chart patterns and indicators. It blends quantitative analysis, risk management, algorithmic methods, and behavioral insights to make data-driven trading decisions. The goal is to create a structured trading framework that adapts to market dynamics with precision. This guide covers advanced tools, methods, and strategies used by professional traders and hedge funds to navigate complex market conditions. 1. Market Structure Analysis Understanding market structure is critical for timing entries and exits. Market Phases: Accumulation → Mark-Up → Distribution → Mark-Down Order Blocks: Institutional price levels where smart money enters (used in ICT and SMC). Liquidity Pools: Zones of stop-loss clustering (above highs or below lows). Break of Structure (BOS): A key signal that trend direction is shifting. Change of Character (CHOCH): A microstructure shift that signals potential reversals. Tools: Volume Profile VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price) Footprint Charts (for order flow) 2. Multi-Timeframe Analysis (MTFA) Advanced traders always align multiple timeframes: HTF (High Time Frame): Weekly/Daily → Defines macro trend MTF (Mid Time Frame): 4H/1H → Confirms setups LTF (Low Time Frame): 15min/5min → Execution Example: Look for a daily demand zone + 4H BOS + 5min bullish CHoCH to confirm long entry. 3. Advanced Indicators & Tools A. ATR-Based Strategies Average True Range (ATR): Measures volatility. Use ATR to set dynamic stop losses and targets. ATR Channels can be used to gauge overbought/oversold conditions. B. Ichimoku Cloud Gives a complete picture: trend, momentum, support/resistance. Cloud twist (Kumo twist) indicates potential trend reversals. C. RSI Advanced Usage RSI Divergence: Price making new highs, RSI not confirming. RSI Levels: Beyond 80/20—watch for failure swings. D. Fibonacci Extensions Combine with Elliott Wave for confluence in target projections. 4. Price Action + Liquidity Concepts Price action trading at an advanced level involves understanding: Fair Value Gaps (FVG): Imbalances where price moves aggressively without filling orders. Liquidity Grabs: Price sweeping a high/low to trigger stop hunts, then reversing. Mitigation Blocks: Areas where the market re-tests a previous imbalance before continuing. Use in: ICT (Inner Circle Trader) methodology Smart Money Concepts (SMC) 5. Algorithmic & Quantitative Techniques A. Statistical Edge Backtest strategies using Python or Excel. Metrics: Win rate, profit factor, Sharpe ratio, max drawdown. B. Monte Carlo Simulations Assess risk and variability in performance. C. Correlation Analysis Use tools like rolling correlation between assets (e.g., Nifty 50 vs. Bank Nifty). 6. Volume and Order Flow Trading Volume tells the story behind price movement: Footprint Charts: Show actual volume at each price level. Delta Divergence: Difference between aggressive buyers and sellers. Volume Clusters: Zones where high volume transactions occurred—often act as support/resistance. Tools: Bookmap Sierra Chart TradingView + Volume Profile plugins 7. Risk and Trade Management Advanced trading isn't about always being right—it's about managing risk: Kelly Criterion: Used to size trades based on edge. R-Multiple Tracking: Risk-to-reward measurement on every trade. Position Sizing Models: Volatility-based sizing (using ATR) Equity curve-based sizing 8. Strategy Building & Optimization Build a Rules-Based Strategy Setup (Entry Criteria): Structure + Indicator confluence Trigger: Candlestick or microstructure confirmation Risk Management: Fixed % or volatility-based Exit Plan: Partial profit-taking, trailing stop, or time-based exit Optimize Your Edge Forward test in live but small positions Maintain a trading journal 9. Psychological Edge Advanced trading requires emotional discipline: Avoid Overtrading: High-quality setups only. Process Over Outcome: Focus on execution, not money. Meditation and Mindfulness: Helps manage stress and improve decision-making. Pre/Post-Market Routines: Review trades, plan ahead. Books like "Trading in the Zone" by Mark Douglas are highly recommended. 10. Specialized Strategies A. Options Flow Analysis Track institutional options activity.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
8
Option Trading with Option chain part -3Example of an Option. Suppose that Microsoft (MFST) shares trade at $108 per share and you believe they will increase in value. You decide to buy a call option to benefit from an increase in the stock's price. You purchase one call option with a strike price of $115 for one month in the future for 37 cents per contract ... Ans: Options contracts are of two types; Call options and Put options. However, they can differ based on their underlying assets and expiration date.
NSE:TATASTEELEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Option trading Who is the youngest successful stock trader in the world? 5 Youngest Stock Traders Ashu Sehrawat At only 22 years old, the self-made millionaire has created a name for himself as one of India's top stock traders. Selling options spreads is one such strategy that fits the bill. It's often seen as one of the lowest risk option strategies because it allows you to have a pre-determined capped loss risk when trading. This way, you're not only minimizing risk but also generating income.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Database TradingIf you're looking for a simple options trading definition, it goes something like this: Options trading gives you the right or obligation to buy or sell a specific security on or by a specific date at a specific price. An option is a contract that's linked to an underlying asset, such as a stock or another security. The long straddle is the best strategy for option trading that consists of purchasing an In-The-Money call and putting options with the same underlying asset, strike price, and expiration date. Profit potential is infinite in this method, while loss potential is limited.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Option Trading Part-7If you're looking for a simple options trading definition, it goes something like this: Options trading gives you the right or obligation to buy or sell a specific security on or by a specific date at a specific price. An option is a contract that's linked to an underlying asset, such as a stock or another security. The Indian stock market has witnessed significant growth in recent decades, transforming from a manually operated environment to a digital, highly regulated, and globally integrated system. Among the many financial instruments available, options trading has emerged as one of the most dynamic and potentially rewarding strategies for traders and investors.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
15
Advance Institutions Option Trading - Lecture 5When it comes to low risk options strategies, selling a call spread and selling a put spread are techniques that traders often utilize. These strategies are characterized by a high probability of profit due to the low probability of loss, and they limit risk in case the trade doesn't go as planned. While day traders look at minute-to-minute price changes, swing traders look at trends that play out over several days. This is considered one of the most profitable trading types that allows more flexibility, as you don't need to be glued to your computer screen all day.
NSE:SBIN
by SkyTradingZone