Black FridayUp to 80% OFF

Chart Patterns

Part 6 Learn Institutional Tading 1. Option Strategies (Beginner to Advanced) Single-leg strategies: Long Call – Bullish. Long Put – Bearish. Multi-leg strategies: Covered Call – Hold stock + sell call = income. Protective Put – Hold stock + buy put = hedge. Straddle – Buy call + put at same strike (bet on big move). Strangle – Buy OTM call + put (cheaper than straddle). Iron Condor – Sell OTM call + put, buy further OTM = earn from sideways market. Butterfly Spread – Limited risk/reward strategy around ATM strike. 2. Greeks in Options (Risk Measurement Tools) Options traders must understand the Greeks: Delta: Sensitivity to price change (probability of ITM). Gamma: Rate of change of Delta. Theta: Time decay (loss in premium daily). Vega: Sensitivity to volatility. Rho: Sensitivity to interest rates. Greeks help manage risk scientifically. 3. Options vs Stocks & Futures Stocks: Ownership, unlimited upside, no expiry. Futures: Obligation to buy/sell, linear profit/loss. Options: Right, not obligation, nonlinear payoff. 4. Real-Life Examples of Option Trades Example: Nifty at 20,000. Trader buys 20,200 Call at premium 100, lot size 50. If Nifty goes to 20,500 → profit = (300 – 100) × 50 = ₹10,000. If Nifty stays below 20,200 → loss = ₹5,000 (premium). This highlights asymmetric risk/reward. 5. Psychology & Discipline in Option Trading Options attract traders because of quick profits, but discipline is key: Never risk more than 2–5% of capital in one trade. Don’t chase OTM lottery tickets blindly. Focus on strategies, not emotions. Keep a trading journal.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Part 4 Learn Institutional Trading1. How Option Trading Works Imagine two traders: Rahul (Call buyer) thinks Infosys will go up. Neha (Call seller) thinks Infosys will stay flat or fall. Infosys spot = ₹1500. Rahul buys a Call option at 1520 strike for a premium of ₹20. Lot size = 100 shares. If Infosys rises to ₹1600, Rahul gains (1600 – 1520 = ₹80 profit – ₹20 premium = ₹60 net profit per share × 100 = ₹6,000). Neha loses ₹6,000. If Infosys stays below 1520, Rahul’s option expires worthless, and his maximum loss is ₹2,000 (premium paid). This shows how option trading is a zero-sum game: one’s profit is another’s loss. 2. Option Premium & Its Components The premium you pay for an option has two parts: Intrinsic Value (IV): Real profit if exercised now. For Call = Spot Price – Strike Price. For Put = Strike Price – Spot Price. Time Value (TV): Extra value due to time left till expiry (uncertainty = potential). As expiry nears, time value decays (Theta decay). 3. Moneyness in Options Options are classified based on relation between spot price & strike price: In the Money (ITM): Option has intrinsic value. Example: Spot ₹1600, Call strike ₹1500 = ITM. At the Money (ATM): Spot = Strike. Example: Spot ₹1600, Call strike ₹1600. Out of the Money (OTM): Option has no intrinsic value, only time value. Example: Spot ₹1600, Call strike ₹1700. 4. Participants in Options Market Hedgers – Reduce risk (e.g., an investor hedges stock portfolio with put options). Speculators – Take directional bets for profit. Arbitrageurs – Exploit price differences across markets. Option Writers (Sellers) – Earn premium by selling options, often institutions. 5. Why Trade Options? Benefits & Uses Leverage: Control large positions with small capital. Hedging: Protect portfolio against adverse moves. Flexibility: Multiple strategies for bullish, bearish, or neutral markets. Income Generation: Selling options can provide steady income. Risk Defined (for buyers): Maximum loss = premium paid. 6. Risks in Option Trading Unlimited Loss (for sellers): Option writers can face huge losses. Time Decay: Buyers lose money if market stays sideways. Volatility Trap: Sudden volatility crush can wipe out premiums. Complexity: Requires deep knowledge of Greeks & strategies. Liquidity Risk: Some options have low trading volume.
NSE:RELIANCEEducation
by SkyTradingZone
3
Part 3 Learn Institutional Trading1. Introduction to Option Trading Option trading is one of the most fascinating areas of financial markets. Unlike buying shares of a company, where you directly own a piece of the business, option trading gives you the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset (like stocks, indices, currencies, or commodities) at a specific price within a specific period. This flexibility makes options powerful tools for hedging, speculation, and income generation. However, the same flexibility also makes them risky if not handled with proper knowledge. Many beginners are drawn to the huge profit potential in options, but without understanding the risks, they often lose money quickly. 2. What Are Options? Basic Concepts An option is a financial derivative contract. It derives its value from an underlying asset (like Reliance shares, Nifty index, gold, crude oil, or even USD/INR). When you buy an option, you’re not buying the asset itself; you’re buying the right to transact in that asset at a pre-decided price, called the strike price. Example: Suppose you buy a Call Option for Reliance at ₹2500 strike price, valid for 1 month. If Reliance’s stock rises to ₹2600, you can exercise your right to buy at ₹2500 (cheaper than market). If Reliance falls to ₹2400, you can simply let the option expire worthless (you don’t have to buy). This right-without-obligation feature is what makes options unique. 3. Key Terms in Option Trading Before diving deeper, let’s decode the important terminology: Strike Price – The fixed price at which you may buy/sell the underlying. Expiry Date – The date when the option contract ends. Premium – The cost you pay to buy the option. Lot Size – Options are traded in fixed quantities (e.g., Nifty option = 50 units per lot). Underlying Asset – The stock, index, or commodity on which the option is based. Exercise – The act of using your right to buy or sell at strike price. Settlement – How the trade is closed (cash settlement or physical delivery). 4. Types of Options (Call & Put) Call Option A Call Option gives you the right (not obligation) to buy the underlying at a fixed strike price before expiry. Buyers of Calls = Bullish (expect price to rise). Sellers of Calls = Bearish/Neutral (expect price to stay same or fall). Put Option A Put Option gives you the right (not obligation) to sell the underlying at a fixed strike price before expiry. Buyers of Puts = Bearish (expect price to fall). Sellers of Puts = Bullish/Neutral (expect price to stay same or rise).
OANDA:XAUUSDEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Part 2 Ride The Big Moves 1. How Options Work in Practice Suppose you buy a call option: Stock XYZ = ₹200. Call strike = ₹210. Premium = ₹5. Expiry = 1 month. If the stock rises to ₹230 before expiry: Profit = (230 – 210) – 5 = ₹15 per share. If the stock stays below ₹210: Loss = Premium paid = ₹5. So the risk is limited to the premium, but the profit can be large. 2. Why Do People Trade Options? Speculation – Traders use options to bet on price movements with limited risk. Hedging – Investors buy puts to protect their portfolios (like insurance). Income Generation – Selling options (like covered calls) can generate steady income. Leverage – Options allow control of large positions with small amounts of money. 3. Option Buyers vs. Option Sellers Option Buyer Pays the premium. Has rights but no obligation. Risk is limited to the premium. Profit potential can be high. Option Seller (Writer) Receives the premium. Has an obligation to buy/sell if the buyer exercises. Risk can be unlimited (in case of naked options). Profit is limited to the premium received. 4. Strategies in Option Trading Options are flexible. Traders combine calls and puts in creative ways to form strategies. Some common ones: Covered Call – Holding a stock and selling a call against it for extra income. Protective Put – Buying a put option to protect against downside risk in stocks. Straddle – Buying both a call and a put at the same strike to profit from big moves either way. Iron Condor – Selling both a call spread and a put spread to profit from low volatility. Bull Call Spread – Buying one call and selling another at a higher strike to reduce cost. Each strategy balances risk and reward differently. 5. Risks in Option Trading While options are powerful, they also carry risks: Time Decay – Options lose value as expiry approaches. Volatility Risk – Options are sensitive to changes in volatility. Liquidity Risk – Some options have low trading volume, making entry/exit difficult. Unlimited Loss (for sellers) – A naked call seller can face huge losses if stock rises sharply. Complexity – Misunderstanding option behavior can lead to unexpected losses. 6. Benefits of Option Trading Flexibility – You can profit in rising, falling, or sideways markets. Leverage – Control large exposure with small capital. Hedging – Protect your portfolio against downside risk. Defined Risk (for buyers) – Maximum loss is limited to the premium. Income Opportunities – Selling options can generate consistent returns.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
2
Part 1 Ride The Big Moves 1. Introduction Option trading is one of the most exciting parts of the stock market. It allows traders and investors to speculate, hedge risk, and generate income in ways that simple stock buying and selling cannot. But because options involve contracts with specific rights and obligations, they can seem complicated at first glance. In this explanation, we’ll go step by step — covering what options are, how they work, the different types, common strategies, risks, and benefits. 2. What Are Options? An option is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a pre-decided price within a fixed time frame. The asset could be a stock, index, commodity, or currency. The price is called the strike price. The time frame is the contract’s expiry date. Think of an option like a reservation. For example, if you pay a small deposit to lock in the price of a phone that you might buy next month, you have an “option.” If the phone price goes up, you’re happy because you can still buy it at the old locked price. If the price goes down, you can choose not to buy — but you lose the deposit. That’s exactly how options work in financial markets. 3. Types of Options There are two main types: Call Option – This gives the holder the right to buy the asset at the strike price. Traders buy calls if they expect prices to go up. Put Option – This gives the holder the right to sell the asset at the strike price. Traders buy puts if they expect prices to go down. Example: Stock ABC is trading at ₹100. A call option with strike price ₹105 gives you the right to buy at ₹105 before expiry. If the stock rises to ₹120, your call becomes valuable. If it stays below ₹105, the option may expire worthless. 4. Key Terms in Options Trading Before going deeper, let’s understand the basic terminology: Premium: The price paid by the option buyer to the seller. Strike Price: The pre-decided price at which the asset can be bought/sold. Expiry Date: The last day the option is valid. In the Money (ITM): When exercising the option would lead to profit. Out of the Money (OTM): When exercising would not make sense. At the Money (ATM): When the stock price equals the strike price.
NSE:AXISBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Trdaing Master Class With Experts 1. Option Terminology Understanding options requires familiarity with specific terms: In the Money (ITM): Call: Spot price > Strike price Put: Spot price < Strike price At the Money (ATM): Spot price ≈ Strike price Out of the Money (OTM): Call: Spot price < Strike price Put: Spot price > Strike price Intrinsic Value: The real value if exercised now. Time Value: Extra premium above intrinsic value due to time remaining until expiration. Implied Volatility (IV): Expected volatility of the underlying asset, impacting option price. Delta: Measures sensitivity of option price to underlying price change. Gamma: Rate of change of delta. Theta: Rate of decline in option value due to time decay. Vega: Sensitivity to changes in volatility. 2. Types of Options Options can be classified based on exercise style and underlying asset: 2.1 Exercise Style American Options: Can be exercised anytime before expiration. European Options: Can only be exercised at expiration. 2.2 Based on Underlying Asset Equity Options: Based on stocks. Index Options: Based on stock indices. Commodity Options: Based on commodities like gold, oil, or agricultural products. Currency Options: Based on forex pairs. ETF Options: Based on exchange-traded funds. 3. Option Pricing Models Option pricing is influenced by multiple factors. The most widely used model is the Black-Scholes Model, which calculates the theoretical price of an option based on: Current stock price Strike price Time to expiration Volatility Risk-free interest rate Dividends Other models include: Binomial Model: Useful for American options with the flexibility of early exercise. Monte Carlo Simulation: Simulates random paths to estimate option value. Factors affecting pricing: Intrinsic value: The difference between spot price and strike price. Time value: More time to expiration = higher option value. Volatility: Higher volatility increases potential for profit, raising option price. Interest rates: Higher risk-free rates slightly increase call prices.
NSE:TMPVEducation
by SkyTradingZone
1
Trdaing Master Class With Experts1. Introduction to Options Options are financial derivatives that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price before or on a predetermined date. Unlike stocks, where ownership is outright, options are contracts with specific conditions. Underlying asset: Can be stocks, indices, commodities, currencies, or ETFs. Strike price: The price at which the option can be exercised. Expiration date: The date on which the option contract expires. Premium: The price paid by the buyer to acquire the option. Options are categorized into two main types: Call Options: Give the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Put Options: Give the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. 2. The Mechanics of Option Trading Option trading involves two parties: the buyer (holder) and the seller (writer). Option Buyer (Holder): Pays a premium for the right. Can choose whether to exercise the option. Risk is limited to the premium paid. Option Seller (Writer): Receives the premium. Obliged to fulfill the contract if the buyer exercises. Risk can be unlimited (for naked calls) or limited (for covered positions). Key Features of Options Leverage: Options allow controlling a large number of shares with a relatively small investment. Limited Risk for Buyers: Buyers can only lose the premium paid. Flexibility: Options can be used for speculation, hedging, or income strategies. Time Decay: Option value declines over time, especially for out-of-the-money options. Volatility Sensitivity: Options pricing is heavily affected by changes in market volatility.
NSE:IGLEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Part 1 Master Candlestick PatternIntroduction Options trading has always attracted traders and investors because of its flexibility, leverage, and the ability to profit in both rising and falling markets. Unlike simple stock buying, where you purchase shares and wait for them to rise, options allow you to speculate, hedge, or even create income-generating strategies. But this flexibility comes at a cost: risk. In fact, while options provide opportunities for huge rewards, they also carry risks that can wipe out capital quickly if not managed properly. Many new traders get lured by the promise of quick profits and ignore the hidden dangers. The truth is, every option trade is a balance between potential gain and potential loss — and understanding the nature of these risks is the first step to trading responsibly. In this guide, we’ll explore all major types of risk in options trading — from market risk and time decay to volatility traps, liquidity issues, and even psychological mistakes. 1. Market Risk – The Most Obvious Enemy Market risk is the possibility of losing money due to unfavorable price movements in the underlying asset. Since options derive their value from stocks, indices, currencies, or commodities, any sharp move against your position can create losses. For call buyers: If the stock fails to rise above the strike price plus premium, you lose money. For put buyers: If the stock doesn’t fall below the strike price minus premium, the option expires worthless. For sellers (writers): The risk is even greater. A short call can lead to unlimited losses if the stock keeps rising, and a short put can cause heavy losses if the stock collapses. 👉 Example: Suppose you buy a call option on Reliance Industries with a strike price of ₹3,000 at a premium of ₹50. If the stock stays around ₹2,950 at expiry, your entire premium (₹50 per share) is lost. Conversely, if you had sold that same call, and the stock shot up to ₹3,300, you’d lose ₹250 per share — far more than the premium you collected. Lesson: Market risk is unavoidable. Every trade needs a pre-defined exit plan. 2. Leverage Risk – The Double-Edged Sword Options provide huge leverage. You control a large notional value of stock by paying a small premium. But this magnifies both profits and losses. A 5% move in the stock could mean a 50% change in the option’s premium. A trader who overuses leverage can blow up their capital in just a few trades. 👉 Example: With just ₹10,000, you buy out-of-the-money (OTM) Bank Nifty weekly options. If the market moves in your favor, you might double your money in a day. But if it goes the other way, you could lose everything — and very fast. Lesson: Leverage is powerful, but without discipline, it’s deadly. 3. Time Decay Risk – The Silent Killer (Theta Risk) Options are wasting assets. Every day that passes reduces their time value, especially as expiry nears. This is called Theta decay. Option buyers suffer from time decay. Even if the stock doesn’t move, the option premium keeps falling. Option sellers benefit from time decay, but only if the market stays within their expected range. 👉 Example: You buy an at-the-money (ATM) Nifty option one week before expiry at ₹100. Even if Nifty stays flat, that option could drop to ₹40 by expiry simply because of time decay. Lesson: If you are an option buyer, timing is everything. If you are a seller, time decay works in your favor, but risk still exists from sudden moves. 4. Volatility Risk – The Invisible Factor (Vega Risk) Volatility is the heartbeat of options pricing. Higher volatility means higher premiums because there’s a greater chance of large price moves. But this creates Vega risk. If you buy options during high volatility (like before elections, results, or big events), you may pay inflated premiums. Once the event passes and volatility drops, the option’s value can collapse, even if the stock moves as expected. Sellers face the opposite problem. Selling options in low volatility periods is dangerous because any sudden jump in volatility can cause premiums to spike, leading to losses. 👉 Example: Before Union Budget announcements, Nifty options trade at very high premiums. If you buy expecting a big move, but the budget turns out uneventful, volatility drops sharply, and the option loses value instantly. Lesson: Never ignore implied volatility (IV) before entering an option trade.
Education
by SkyTradingZone
4
Divergence Secrets1. Understanding Options: The Foundation Options are derivative instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as stocks, indices, commodities, or currencies. They grant the buyer the right—but not the obligation—to buy or sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified period. There are two primary types of options: Call Option: Provides the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) before or at expiration. Put Option: Provides the right to sell the underlying asset at a specified price before or at expiration. Key Terms: Strike Price: The price at which the underlying asset can be bought or sold. Expiration Date: The date on which the option contract expires. Premium: The cost paid by the buyer to acquire the option. In-the-Money (ITM): When exercising the option is profitable. Out-of-the-Money (OTM): When exercising the option is not profitable. Options provide leverage, enabling traders to control large positions with a relatively small capital outlay, creating unique opportunities for profit in both bullish and bearish markets. 2. Market Opportunities in Options Trading Options trading opportunities are vast, ranging from directional plays to hedging strategies. The unique characteristics of options allow market participants to exploit price volatility, market inefficiencies, and changing investor sentiment. 2.1. Directional Opportunities Traders can use options to profit from price movements in underlying assets: Bullish Outlook: Buying call options allows traders to benefit from rising stock prices with limited risk. Bearish Outlook: Buying put options provides an opportunity to profit from falling prices without short-selling. Example: If a stock trading at ₹1,500 is expected to rise to ₹1,650 in two months, a trader could buy a call option with a strike price of ₹1,520. The profit potential is theoretically unlimited, while the maximum loss is limited to the premium paid. 2.2. Hedging Opportunities Options provide risk mitigation for portfolios, protecting against adverse price movements: Protective Puts: Investors holding stocks can buy put options to hedge against potential declines. Covered Calls: Investors owning shares can sell call options to generate income, reducing portfolio volatility. Example: An investor holding 100 shares of a stock priced at ₹2,000 may buy a put option at a ₹1,950 strike price. If the stock falls to ₹1,800, losses in the stock are offset by gains in the put option. 2.3. Income Generation Options can be used to generate consistent income through premium collection: Cash-Secured Puts: Selling put options on stocks an investor wants to acquire can generate premium income. Covered Call Writing: Selling call options on held stock can earn income while potentially selling the stock at a target price. 2.4. Volatility-Based Opportunities Options prices are highly sensitive to implied volatility, creating opportunities even when the market direction is uncertain: Long Straddles: Buying both call and put options at the same strike price allows traders to profit from significant price swings, irrespective of direction. Long Strangles: Similar to straddles but with different strike prices, strangles are cost-effective strategies for volatile markets.
NSE:AXISBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 2 Support and Resistance1. How Option Pricing Works Option pricing is determined primarily by two components: 1.1 Intrinsic Value The intrinsic value of an option is the difference between the current market price of the underlying asset and the option’s strike price: For a call option: Intrinsic Value = Max(0, Current Price – Strike Price) For a put option: Intrinsic Value = Max(0, Strike Price – Current Price) 1.2 Time Value The time value accounts for the possibility that the option’s price may increase before expiration. Factors influencing time value include: Time to Expiry: Longer durations increase the likelihood of profitable movement. Volatility: Higher volatility increases the potential for price swings, making options more expensive. Interest Rates and Dividends: These factors can adjust the expected returns of the underlying asset and, consequently, the option premium. 1.3 The Black-Scholes Model The Black-Scholes model is a widely used formula for estimating theoretical option prices. It considers factors like: Current stock price Strike price Time to expiration Volatility Risk-free interest rate This model forms the foundation of modern option pricing, though practical trading often considers market sentiment and liquidity as well. 2. Types of Option Styles Options come in several styles, each dictating when the option can be exercised: American Options: Can be exercised any time before expiration. European Options: Can only be exercised on the expiration date. Exotic Options: Include complex derivatives such as barrier options, Asian options, and lookback options, often used by institutional investors. 3. Uses of Options Option trading serves multiple purposes in financial markets: 3.1 Hedging Investors use options to protect their portfolios from adverse price movements: Protective Put: Buying a put option to insure a long stock position. Covered Call: Selling a call option on a stock already owned to earn additional premium income. 3.2 Speculation Traders can use options to profit from anticipated price movements without owning the underlying asset: Buying call options for bullish expectations. Buying put options for bearish expectations. Using leverage, a small investment can yield substantial returns if predictions are correct. 3.3 Income Generation Selling options allows traders to collect premiums regularly: Cash-Secured Puts: Selling put options while holding enough cash to buy the underlying asset if exercised. Covered Calls: Generates income by selling calls against owned stock. 3.4 Arbitrage Institutional traders use options to exploit price discrepancies between markets, combining options and underlying assets for risk-free profits.
BSE:SENSEXEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 8 Trading Master Class1. Introduction to Option Trading Financial markets are constantly evolving, offering traders and investors a wide variety of tools to manage risk, speculate on price movements, or generate income. One of the most fascinating and versatile financial instruments is the option. Unlike buying a share of a company directly, which gives you ownership, an option gives you rights, not obligations. This small distinction makes options powerful. They can amplify profits, reduce risks, and allow traders to play multiple angles of the market. Option trading might sound complicated at first, but once you understand the foundation, it’s like learning a new language – everything starts connecting. 2. The Basics: What Are Options? An option is a contract between two parties – a buyer and a seller – that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a set time frame. The underlying asset could be a stock, an index, a commodity (like gold or crude oil), or even currencies. The predetermined price is called the strike price. The time frame is defined by the expiry date. In simple words: Options are like a reservation ticket. You pay a small amount now (premium) to lock in the ability to buy/sell later, but you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to. 3. Types of Options: Call and Put There are two main types: Call Option: Gives the buyer the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: You buy a call option for Reliance at ₹2500. If Reliance goes to ₹2700, you can still buy it at ₹2500, making profit. Put Option: Gives the buyer the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: You buy a put option for Infosys at ₹1500. If Infosys falls to ₹1300, you can still sell it at ₹1500. Think of calls as a bet on prices going up, and puts as a bet on prices going down. 4. Key Terminologies in Options To understand option trading, you must master its unique vocabulary: Strike Price: The pre-agreed price at which you can buy/sell the underlying. Expiry Date: The date on which the option contract expires. Premium: The price you pay to buy the option. In-the-Money (ITM): Option has intrinsic value. (E.g., stock is above strike for calls, below strike for puts). Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Option has no intrinsic value. At-the-Money (ATM): Stock price and strike price are nearly the same. Option Writer: The seller of the option, who takes the opposite side. Lot Size: The minimum quantity you can trade in an option contract.
TVC:GOLDEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Part 7 Trading Master Class1. Introduction to Options Trading Options trading is one of the most versatile and complex areas of financial markets. It offers traders and investors the ability to hedge, speculate, or generate income. Unlike stocks, which represent ownership in a company, options are financial contracts giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame. Options are derivatives, meaning their value derives from an underlying asset such as equities, indices, commodities, or currencies. They are widely used by institutional traders, retail investors, and hedgers to manage risk and leverage positions efficiently. 2. Types of Options There are two primary types of options: Call Options Gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) before or on the expiry date. Used by traders who expect the price of the asset to rise. Put Options Gives the holder the right to sell an underlying asset at a specified price before or on expiry. Used by traders who expect the price of the asset to fall. Key Terms in Options Trading Strike Price (Exercise Price): The predetermined price at which the asset can be bought or sold. Expiry Date: The date by which the option must be exercised. Premium: The cost of buying the option. Intrinsic Value: The actual value if exercised immediately (difference between market price and strike price). Time Value: Extra value reflecting the possibility of future price movement before expiry. 3. How Options Work Options can be exercised in two styles: American Style Options: Can be exercised anytime before expiry. European Style Options: Can only be exercised on the expiry date. Example: You buy a call option for stock XYZ with a strike price of ₹1,000, expiring in 1 month. Current market price is ₹1,050, and the premium paid is ₹50. If the stock rises to ₹1,200, you can exercise the option and make a profit: Profit = (Stock Price − Strike Price − Premium) = 1,200 − 1,000 − 50 = ₹150 per share.
NSE:BANKNIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 6 Learn Institutional Trading 1. Introduction to Options Trading Options trading is one of the most versatile and complex areas of financial markets. It offers traders and investors the ability to hedge, speculate, or generate income. Unlike stocks, which represent ownership in a company, options are financial contracts giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame. Options are derivatives, meaning their value derives from an underlying asset such as equities, indices, commodities, or currencies. They are widely used by institutional traders, retail investors, and hedgers to manage risk and leverage positions efficiently. 2. Types of Options There are two primary types of options: Call Options Gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) before or on the expiry date. Used by traders who expect the price of the asset to rise. Put Options Gives the holder the right to sell an underlying asset at a specified price before or on expiry. Used by traders who expect the price of the asset to fall. Key Terms in Options Trading Strike Price (Exercise Price): The predetermined price at which the asset can be bought or sold. Expiry Date: The date by which the option must be exercised. Premium: The cost of buying the option. Intrinsic Value: The actual value if exercised immediately (difference between market price and strike price). Time Value: Extra value reflecting the possibility of future price movement before expiry. 3. How Options Work Options can be exercised in two styles: American Style Options: Can be exercised anytime before expiry. European Style Options: Can only be exercised on the expiry date. Example: You buy a call option for stock XYZ with a strike price of ₹1,000, expiring in 1 month. Current market price is ₹1,050, and the premium paid is ₹50. If the stock rises to ₹1,200, you can exercise the option and make a profit: Profit = (Stock Price − Strike Price − Premium) = 1,200 − 1,000 − 50 = ₹150 per share.
NSE:KOTAKBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 4 Learn Institutional Trading1. Uses of Options Options trading is not just speculation; it serves multiple purposes: Hedging (Risk Management): Investors use options to protect against unfavorable price movements. Example: A stock investor buys a put option to limit losses if the stock price drops. Speculation: Traders use options to bet on price direction with limited capital and potentially high returns. Income Generation: Selling options (writing calls or puts) can generate consistent income through premiums. Covered calls are a popular income strategy where you hold the stock and sell a call option against it. Arbitrage Opportunities: Advanced traders exploit mispricing between options and underlying assets to make risk-free profits. 2. Option Strategies Options provide flexibility through a variety of strategies, which range from simple to highly complex: Basic Strategies Long Call: Buy call option anticipating price increase. Long Put: Buy put option anticipating price decrease. Covered Call: Hold stock and sell a call to earn premium. Protective Put: Buy a put for stock you own to limit downside risk. Intermediate Strategies Straddle: Buy call and put at the same strike and expiry to profit from volatility. Strangle: Buy call and put with different strikes to benefit from large price moves. Bull Spread: Combine two calls (different strikes) to profit from moderate upward movement. Bear Spread: Combine two puts to profit from moderate downward movement. Advanced Strategies Butterfly Spread: Limit risk and reward for minimal cost, suitable for low volatility expectations. Iron Condor: Sell an out-of-the-money call and put while buying further out-of-the-money options to cap risk. Calendar Spread: Exploit differences in time decay by trading options with the same strike but different expiries. 3. Greeks in Options Trading Options traders use Greeks to measure sensitivity of option prices to different variables: Delta: Measures price change in option relative to underlying asset. Gamma: Measures change in delta as asset price changes. Theta: Measures time decay of the option’s premium. Vega: Measures sensitivity to volatility. Rho: Measures sensitivity to interest rates. Understanding Greeks helps traders manage risk, hedge positions, and optimize strategies. 4. Risks in Options Trading Options trading carries significant risk, especially for sellers/writers: For Buyers: Risk limited to premium paid. Potential for total loss if option expires worthless. For Sellers: Risk can be unlimited for uncovered (naked) options. Margin requirements can be high. Time Decay Risk: Options lose value as expiry approaches, especially OTM options. Volatility Risk: Unexpected changes in market volatility can affect option premiums dramatically. Proper risk management, position sizing, and understanding of market conditions are crucial. 5. Practical Tips for Options Trading Start Small: Begin with a few contracts until you understand mechanics and risk. Focus on Liquid Options: Trade options with high volume to ensure tight spreads and easy entry/exit. Use Stop-Loss: Protect capital by predefining risk limits. Understand Time Decay: Avoid holding OTM options for too long without movement in underlying. Diversify Strategies: Combine hedging, speculation, and income strategies.
Education
by SkyTradingZone
Part 2 Ride The Big MovesHow Options Work Options trading works through a combination of buying and selling call and put contracts. Here's an example: Suppose you buy a call option for a stock currently trading at ₹1,000, with a strike price of ₹1,050, expiring in one month. You pay a premium of ₹20. If the stock rises to ₹1,100: You can exercise the option to buy the stock at ₹1,050 and sell it at ₹1,100, making a profit of ₹50 per share minus the ₹20 premium, resulting in a net gain of ₹30 per share. If the stock price stays below ₹1,050, the option expires worthless, and your loss is limited to the premium paid (₹20). Similarly, with a put option, if the stock falls below the strike price, you can sell it at the higher strike price, profiting from the difference. Advantages of Options Trading Leverage: Options allow traders to control a large position with a relatively small investment, magnifying potential profits. Risk Management: Investors use options to hedge against unfavorable price movements in their portfolios. For instance, buying put options on a stock you own can protect against a decline in its price. Flexibility: Options provide various strategies to profit from upward, downward, or even sideways movements in the market. Income Generation: Writing options, especially covered calls, can generate additional income from an existing portfolio. Risks of Options Trading Despite their advantages, options come with risks: Limited Time: Options expire, so timing is crucial. An option can lose all its value if the underlying asset doesn’t move as anticipated before expiration. Complexity: Options strategies, especially involving multiple legs (like spreads, straddles, and butterflies), can be complex and require careful planning. Leverage Risk: While leverage can amplify profits, it also magnifies losses. A wrong bet can lead to losing the entire premium or more if you’re selling options. Popular Options Strategies Options traders use various strategies depending on market outlook and risk tolerance: Covered Call: Selling a call option on a stock you already own to earn premium income. Protective Put: Buying a put option on a stock you own to guard against downside risk. Straddle: Buying a call and put option with the same strike price and expiration to profit from volatility in either direction. Spread Strategies: Combining multiple options to limit risk while maintaining profit potential, such as bull spreads or bear spreads.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 1 Ride The Big MovesIntroduction to Options Trading Options trading is a dynamic segment of the financial markets that allows investors to hedge risk, speculate on price movements, and enhance returns. Unlike stocks, which represent ownership in a company, options are financial derivatives—contracts whose value is derived from an underlying asset, such as stocks, indices, commodities, or currencies. By offering flexibility and leverage, options have become a popular tool for both professional traders and retail investors. What Are Options? An option is a contract that gives the buyer the right—but not the obligation—to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price, called the strike price, before or on a specific date known as the expiration date. The seller, or writer, of the option has the obligation to fulfill the contract if the buyer chooses to exercise it. There are two main types of options: Call Options – These give the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Investors purchase call options when they expect the price of the underlying asset to rise. Put Options – These give the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Investors buy put options when they expect the price of the underlying asset to fall. Key Terms in Options Trading Understanding options requires familiarity with some key concepts: Premium: The price paid by the buyer to the seller for the option. This is influenced by factors like the underlying asset price, strike price, time to expiration, volatility, and interest rates. Strike Price: The price at which the buyer can buy (call) or sell (put) the underlying asset. Expiration Date: The date on which the option expires. After this, the option becomes worthless if not exercised. In-the-Money (ITM): A call option is ITM if the underlying price is above the strike price, and a put option is ITM if the underlying price is below the strike price. Out-of-the-Money (OTM): A call option is OTM if the underlying price is below the strike price, and a put option is OTM if it’s above the strike price. At-the-Money (ATM): When the underlying price is equal to the strike price.
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by SkyTradingZone
Option Trading 1. Introduction to Options In the world of financial markets, investors and traders are always looking for instruments that allow them flexibility, leverage, and opportunities to manage risks. One of the most popular derivatives that provide such opportunities is options trading. An option is a financial contract between two parties: a buyer and a seller. The buyer of the option gets the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset (like stocks, indices, or commodities) at a predetermined price within a specified time. The seller (also called the option writer) has the obligation to fulfill the contract if the buyer decides to exercise it. This feature—right without obligation—is what makes options unique compared to other financial instruments. 2. Basic Terminology Before diving deeper, let’s clarify some key terms: Call Option: Gives the buyer the right to buy the underlying asset at a fixed price (strike price). Put Option: Gives the buyer the right to sell the underlying asset at a fixed price. Strike Price: The pre-agreed price at which the buyer can buy or sell the underlying. Premium: The cost paid by the option buyer to the seller for the right. Expiration Date: The last date the option is valid. In the Money (ITM): When exercising the option is profitable (e.g., stock price above strike for calls, below strike for puts). Out of the Money (OTM): When exercising leads to a loss, so the buyer won’t exercise. At the Money (ATM): When the stock price is very close to the strike price. 3. How Options Work – An Example Suppose stock ABC Ltd. is trading at ₹100. You expect the stock to rise. You buy a Call Option with a strike price of ₹105 for a premium of ₹3, expiring in one month. Scenario 1: Stock rises to ₹115 You exercise your right to buy at ₹105 and immediately sell at ₹115. Profit = (115 – 105) – 3 = ₹7 per share. Scenario 2: Stock stays at ₹100 Buying at ₹105 makes no sense, so you let the option expire. Loss = premium paid = ₹3. This shows the limited loss (premium only) but unlimited profit potential for an option buyer. 4. Types of Options Trading Participants There are broadly four categories: Call Buyers – bullish traders expecting price rise. Put Buyers – bearish traders expecting price fall. Call Sellers – take opposite side of call buyers, hoping price stays flat or falls. Put Sellers – take opposite side of put buyers, hoping price stays flat or rises. Buyers take on risk by paying premiums, while sellers assume obligations but earn premiums upfront.
NSE:IGLEducation
by SkyTradingZone
6
DRREDDY–Weekly Chart AnalysisThe stock is currently trading near ₹1,322 and is once again testing the long-term descending trendline resistance that has capped every rally since 2023. This resistance lies in the ₹1,345–₹1,348 zone and represents the key decision point for the next move. Bullish Scenario (if breakout holds) First method of calculation: ₹1,379.70, 1398.25, 1415-1421 → derived from prior swing highs. Second method : ₹1,705→ based on a range of neckline to head of inverted head & shoulder. This is not a valid setup. Third method : ₹1,472, 1,530, 1585→ calculated as fib extension levels. Bearish Scenario (if rejection occurs) Support: ₹1284, 1245, 1200 as immediate downside levels. Momentum RSI is around 58, showing a bullish curve without overbought conditions, suggesting momentum supports an upside breakout.
NSE:DRREDDYLong
by AbsoluteAnalytics