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Part 2 Ride The Big MovesIntroduction to Options Option trading is a sophisticated financial strategy that allows investors to hedge, speculate, or generate income in financial markets. Unlike buying a stock or a commodity directly, trading options gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific time period. The concept of options is not new. Options have been used for centuries to hedge risks and manage investments. In modern financial markets, options are widely used by retail investors, institutional investors, and professional traders because they provide flexibility, leverage, and strategic opportunities that are not available in traditional stock trading. An option derives its value from the underlying asset, which can be a stock, commodity, index, currency, or ETF. Because options have time-limited value, they are classified as derivatives, meaning their price depends on the price movement of the underlying asset. Key Terminology Understanding option trading requires familiarity with basic terms: Underlying Asset: The security or instrument on which the option is based. For example, Apple stock for an Apple options contract. Strike Price: The predetermined price at which the option can be exercised. Expiration Date: The date when the option contract expires. After this date, the option is worthless if not exercised. Premium: The price paid to buy the option. Think of it as the cost of the “insurance” provided by the option. In-the-Money (ITM): A call option is ITM when the stock price is above the strike price; a put option is ITM when the stock price is below the strike price. Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Opposite of ITM. Call options are OTM when the stock price is below the strike price, and put options are OTM when the stock price is above the strike price. At-the-Money (ATM): When the stock price equals the strike price.
BSE:SENSEXEducation
by SkyTradingZone
1
Part ! Ride The Big MovesWhat is an Option? An option is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (strike price) on or before a specified date (expiration date). Underlying Asset: This can be a stock, index, commodity, currency, or ETF. Strike Price: The price at which the asset can be bought or sold. Expiration Date: The date on which the option contract expires. Premium: The price paid to purchase the option. There are two main types of options: Call Option: Gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Put Option: Gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Call Options Explained A call option becomes profitable when the price of the underlying asset rises above the strike price plus the premium paid. Example: Stock price: ₹1,000 Strike price: ₹1,050 Premium: ₹20 If the stock rises to ₹1,100: Profit = (Stock Price – Strike Price – Premium) = 1,100 – 1,050 – 20 = ₹30 If the stock remains below ₹1,050, the option expires worthless, and the loss is the premium paid.
TVC:GOLDEducation
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Part 2 Trading Master ClassTypes of Options: Calls and Puts There are only two fundamental types of options: Call Option – Gives the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Nifty is at 20,000. You buy a call option with a strike of 20,100. If Nifty rises to 20,400, you can buy at 20,100 and profit. Put Option – Gives the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Infosys is at ₹1,500. You buy a put option with a strike of ₹1,480. If Infosys falls to ₹1,400, you can sell at ₹1,480 and profit. So, calls = bullish bets; puts = bearish bets. Key Terminologies in Option Trading To understand options, you must master the vocabulary: Strike Price → Pre-decided price where option can be exercised. Premium → Price paid by the option buyer to the seller. Expiry Date → Last day the option can be exercised. In-the-Money (ITM) → Option already has intrinsic value. At-the-Money (ATM) → Strike price is equal to current market price. Out-of-the-Money (OTM) → Option has no intrinsic value. Lot Size → Options are traded in lots, not single shares. For example, Nifty lot = 50 units.
NSE:COALINDIAEducation
by SkyTradingZone
14
Part 1 Trading Master ClassIntroduction to Options Financial markets offer multiple instruments to trade: equities, futures, commodities, currencies, bonds, and derivatives. Among derivatives, options stand out as one of the most flexible and powerful tools available to traders and investors. An option is not just a bet on direction. It’s a structured contract that can protect a portfolio, generate income, or speculate on volatility. Unlike buying stocks, where profits are straightforward (stock goes up, you gain; stock goes down, you lose), option trading allows for non-linear payoffs. This means you can design trades where: You profit if the market goes up, down, or even stays flat. You control large exposure with limited capital. You cap your risk but keep unlimited potential reward. Because of this flexibility, options have become an essential part of modern trading strategies across the world, from Wall Street hedge funds to Indian retail investors trading on NSE’s F&O segment. What are Options? Basic Concepts At its core, an option is a contract between two parties: Buyer of the option → Pays a premium for rights. Seller (writer) of the option → Receives the premium but takes on obligations. Definition An option is a financial derivative that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (called strike price) on or before a certain date (expiry date). Underlying assets can be: Stocks (Infosys, Reliance, Apple, Tesla) Indices (Nifty, Bank Nifty, S&P 500) Commodities (Gold, Crude oil) Currencies (USD/INR, EUR/USD)
NSE:ICICIBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
14
Part 1 Candle Stick PatternIntroduction to Options Financial markets offer multiple instruments to trade: equities, futures, commodities, currencies, bonds, and derivatives. Among derivatives, options stand out as one of the most flexible and powerful tools available to traders and investors. An option is not just a bet on direction. It’s a structured contract that can protect a portfolio, generate income, or speculate on volatility. Unlike buying stocks, where profits are straightforward (stock goes up, you gain; stock goes down, you lose), option trading allows for non-linear payoffs. This means you can design trades where: You profit if the market goes up, down, or even stays flat. You control large exposure with limited capital. You cap your risk but keep unlimited potential reward. Because of this flexibility, options have become an essential part of modern trading strategies across the world, from Wall Street hedge funds to Indian retail investors trading on NSE’s F&O segment. What are Options? Basic Concepts At its core, an option is a contract between two parties: Buyer of the option → Pays a premium for rights. Seller (writer) of the option → Receives the premium but takes on obligations. Definition An option is a financial derivative that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (called strike price) on or before a certain date (expiry date). Underlying assets can be: Stocks (Infosys, Reliance, Apple, Tesla) Indices (Nifty, Bank Nifty, S&P 500) Commodities (Gold, Crude oil) Currencies (USD/INR, EUR/USD) Types of Options: Calls and Puts There are only two fundamental types of options: Call Option – Gives the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Nifty is at 20,000. You buy a call option with a strike of 20,100. If Nifty rises to 20,400, you can buy at 20,100 and profit. Put Option – Gives the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Infosys is at ₹1,500. You buy a put option with a strike of ₹1,480. If Infosys falls to ₹1,400, you can sell at ₹1,480 and profit. So, calls = bullish bets; puts = bearish bets.
NSE:KOTAKBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
12
Option Trading Pros and Cons of Option Trading Advantages Limited risk (for buyers). Leverage: control large positions with small capital. Flexibility: profit in all market conditions. Hedging tool. Disadvantages Complexity: requires deep understanding. Option sellers face unlimited risk. Time decay works against option buyers. Requires good volatility forecasting. Practical Examples of Option Trading Example 1: Buying Call on Reliance Reliance at ₹2,500. Buy 2600 CE for ₹50. Expiry day: Reliance at ₹2,700. Profit = (2700–2600) – 50 = ₹50 per share × lot size. Example 2: Protective Put for Portfolio Hedge You hold Nifty ETF at 20,000. Buy 19,800 PE. If market crashes to 19,000, your put limits loss. Psychology and Risk Control Option trading is not just about math; it’s about discipline: Avoid over-leveraging. Always define stop-loss. Respect time decay (theta). Manage emotions – fear of missing out (FOMO) and greed are costly.
NSE:AXISBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
14
Divergence SecretsGreeks and Risk Management Every option trader must understand Greeks, the risk measures that show sensitivity of option price to different factors: Delta → Measures how much the option price changes if underlying moves 1 unit. Gamma → Measures how delta itself changes with price movement. Theta → Time decay; how much premium falls as expiry nears. Vega → Sensitivity to volatility. Higher volatility increases premium. Rho → Sensitivity to interest rates. Greeks allow traders to hedge portfolios and adjust positions dynamically. Strategies in Option Trading Options shine because you can combine calls, puts, and different strikes to create unique strategies. Directional Strategies Buying Call → Bullish play. Buying Put → Bearish play. Covered Call → Own stock + sell call → generates income. Protective Put → Own stock + buy put → insurance. Neutral Market Strategies Straddle → Buy call + put at same strike → profit from big moves either way. Strangle → Buy OTM call + OTM put → cheaper version of straddle. Iron Condor → Sell OTM call and put spreads → profit if market stays in range. Advanced Plays Butterfly spread, calendar spread, ratio spreads – for experienced traders. Options vs. Futures and Stocks Stocks → Simple ownership. Risk = unlimited downside, reward = unlimited upside. Futures → Obligation to buy/sell at future price. High leverage, unlimited risk. Options → Rights, not obligations. Limited risk (for buyer), flexible payoffs.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
by SkyTradingZone
12
Part 2 Support And ResistanceTypes of Options: Calls and Puts There are only two fundamental types of options: Call Option – Gives the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Nifty is at 20,000. You buy a call option with a strike of 20,100. If Nifty rises to 20,400, you can buy at 20,100 and profit. Put Option – Gives the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Example: Infosys is at ₹1,500. You buy a put option with a strike of ₹1,480. If Infosys falls to ₹1,400, you can sell at ₹1,480 and profit. So, calls = bullish bets; puts = bearish bets. Key Terminologies in Option Trading To understand options, you must master the vocabulary: Strike Price → Pre-decided price where option can be exercised. Premium → Price paid by the option buyer to the seller. Expiry Date → Last day the option can be exercised. In-the-Money (ITM) → Option already has intrinsic value. At-the-Money (ATM) → Strike price is equal to current market price. Out-of-the-Money (OTM) → Option has no intrinsic value. Lot Size → Options are traded in lots, not single shares. For example, Nifty lot = 50 units. How Option Pricing Works Options are not priced arbitrarily. The premium has two parts: Intrinsic Value (IV) The real value if exercised now. Example: Nifty at 20,200, call strike 20,100 → IV = 100 points. Time Value (TV) Extra value due to remaining time before expiry. Longer expiry = higher premium because of greater uncertainty. Option pricing is influenced by: Spot price of underlying Strike price Time to expiry Volatility Interest rates Dividends The famous Black-Scholes Model and Binomial Model are widely used to calculate theoretical prices.
NSE:RELIANCEEducation
by SkyTradingZone
10
Part 1 Support And ResistanceIntroduction to Options Financial markets offer multiple instruments to trade: equities, futures, commodities, currencies, bonds, and derivatives. Among derivatives, options stand out as one of the most flexible and powerful tools available to traders and investors. An option is not just a bet on direction. It’s a structured contract that can protect a portfolio, generate income, or speculate on volatility. Unlike buying stocks, where profits are straightforward (stock goes up, you gain; stock goes down, you lose), option trading allows for non-linear payoffs. This means you can design trades where: You profit if the market goes up, down, or even stays flat. You control large exposure with limited capital. You cap your risk but keep unlimited potential reward. Because of this flexibility, options have become an essential part of modern trading strategies across the world, from Wall Street hedge funds to Indian retail investors trading on NSE’s F&O segment. What are Options? Basic Concepts At its core, an option is a contract between two parties: Buyer of the option → Pays a premium for rights. Seller (writer) of the option → Receives the premium but takes on obligations. Definition An option is a financial derivative that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (called strike price) on or before a certain date (expiry date). Underlying assets can be: Stocks (Infosys, Reliance, Apple, Tesla) Indices (Nifty, Bank Nifty, S&P 500) Commodities (Gold, Crude oil) Currencies (USD/INR, EUR/USD)
OKX:BTCUSDEducation
by SkyTradingZone
10
Part 9 Trading Master ClassHow Options Work in Practice Option buyers have limited risk (premium paid) but unlimited profit potential (in calls if stock rises, in puts if stock falls). Option sellers have limited profit (premium received) but potentially unlimited risk. This asymmetric payoff structure creates a market where traders, hedgers, and institutions interact. Key Concepts Intrinsic Value: Real profit if exercised immediately. Time Value: Premium paid for potential future movement. In-the-Money (ITM): Option already profitable if exercised. Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Option has no intrinsic value, only time value. At-the-Money (ATM): Strike = current market price. Why Traders Use Options Hedging – Protect portfolio against price swings. Speculation – Bet on future price movements with smaller capital. Income Generation – Sell options and earn premiums. Arbitrage – Exploit mispricing between spot and derivatives. Options Pricing Models Two main models: Black-Scholes Model: Uses volatility, strike, expiry, and interest rates to price options. Binomial Model: Breaks time into steps, considering probability of price moves. Factors affecting option prices: Spot price of underlying Strike price Time to expiry Volatility Interest rates Dividends
TVC:GOLDEducation
by SkyTradingZone
5
Part 8 Trading Master ClassIntroduction to Options Financial markets provide several instruments to trade and invest. Among equities, futures, commodities, and currencies, options trading has gained significant popularity worldwide, including India. Options are not just speculative tools; they are also powerful instruments for hedging, income generation, and risk management. An option is essentially a derivative contract—its value is derived from an underlying asset like a stock, index, commodity, or currency. Unlike direct stock ownership, an option gives the buyer rights but not obligations. This unique feature makes them versatile but also complex for beginners. To truly master options, one must understand not only the basic definitions but also pricing, market psychology, and strategies. Basic Terminology Before diving deeper, let’s go through the essential terms: Option Contract: Agreement between buyer and seller based on an underlying asset. Underlying Asset: Stock, index, commodity, or currency. Strike Price: Pre-decided price at which the option can be exercised. Expiry Date: The last date on which the option can be exercised. Premium: Price paid by the buyer to acquire the option. Lot Size: Minimum quantity for which an option can be traded. European vs. American Options: European can be exercised only on expiry; American anytime before expiry. Call & Put Options Explained At the heart of option trading are two instruments: Calls and Puts. Call Option: Gives the buyer the right (not obligation) to buy the asset at the strike price. Buyers expect prices to rise. Sellers (writers) expect prices to stay flat or fall. Put Option: Gives the buyer the right (not obligation) to sell the asset at the strike price. Buyers expect prices to fall. Sellers expect prices to stay flat or rise. 📌 Example: If Reliance stock trades at ₹2500: A ₹2600 call may cost ₹50 premium. If the stock rises to ₹2700, profit = (2700-2600-50) = ₹50 per share. A ₹2400 put may cost ₹40. If stock falls to ₹2200, profit = (2400-2200-40) = ₹160 per share.
NSE:TMPVEducation
by SkyTradingZone
5
Part 7 Trading Master Class Why Traders Use Options Hedging – Protect portfolio against price swings. Speculation – Bet on future price movements with smaller capital. Income Generation – Sell options and earn premiums. Arbitrage – Exploit mispricing between spot and derivatives. Options Pricing Models Two main models: Black-Scholes Model: Uses volatility, strike, expiry, and interest rates to price options. Binomial Model: Breaks time into steps, considering probability of price moves. Factors affecting option prices: Spot price of underlying Strike price Time to expiry Volatility Interest rates Dividends Strategies in Option Trading Options allow creation of custom payoff structures. Strategies are classified as: A. Protective Strategies Protective Put – Holding stock + buying put (like insurance). Covered Call – Holding stock + selling call. B. Income Strategies Iron Condor – Selling OTM call & put, buying further OTM options. Strangle/Straddle Selling – Profit from time decay when market is range-bound. C. Speculative Strategies Long Straddle – Buy ATM call + put, profit from big moves. Bull Call Spread – Buy lower strike call, sell higher strike call. Bear Put Spread – Buy higher strike put, sell lower strike put. 📊 Each strategy has its risk/reward profile. Professional traders combine them depending on market conditions.
NSE:ICICIBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
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Part 4 Learn Institutional Trading Introduction to Options Financial markets provide several instruments to trade and invest. Among equities, futures, commodities, and currencies, options trading has gained significant popularity worldwide, including India. Options are not just speculative tools; they are also powerful instruments for hedging, income generation, and risk management. An option is essentially a derivative contract—its value is derived from an underlying asset like a stock, index, commodity, or currency. Unlike direct stock ownership, an option gives the buyer rights but not obligations. This unique feature makes them versatile but also complex for beginners. To truly master options, one must understand not only the basic definitions but also pricing, market psychology, and strategies. Basic Terminology Before diving deeper, let’s go through the essential terms: Option Contract: Agreement between buyer and seller based on an underlying asset. Underlying Asset: Stock, index, commodity, or currency. Strike Price: Pre-decided price at which the option can be exercised. Expiry Date: The last date on which the option can be exercised. Premium: Price paid by the buyer to acquire the option. Lot Size: Minimum quantity for which an option can be traded. European vs. American Options: European can be exercised only on expiry; American anytime before expiry. How Options Work in Practice Option buyers have limited risk (premium paid) but unlimited profit potential (in calls if stock rises, in puts if stock falls). Option sellers have limited profit (premium received) but potentially unlimited risk. This asymmetric payoff structure creates a market where traders, hedgers, and institutions interact.
NSE:KOTAKBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
4
Part 3 Learn Institutional Trading Understanding Options An option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price, called the strike price, before or on a specific date known as the expiry date. Options are derivatives, meaning their value is derived from an underlying asset like stocks, indices, commodities, or currencies. Types of Options Call Option A call option gives the buyer the right to buy the underlying asset at the strike price. Buyers expect the price to rise. Example: If Infosys stock trades at ₹1500 and a trader buys a call with a strike price of ₹1550 for ₹30, they can purchase the stock at ₹1550, even if it rises to ₹1600. Put Option A put option gives the buyer the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price. Buyers expect the price to fall. Example: If Infosys stock trades at ₹1500 and a trader buys a put with a strike price of ₹1450 for ₹25, they can sell the stock at ₹1450, even if it drops to ₹1400. Option Pricing and Factors Affecting Value Option pricing is influenced by several variables, known as the Option Greeks: Delta (Δ): Measures how much the option price moves with a ₹1 change in the underlying asset. Call options have positive delta; put options have negative delta. Gamma (Γ): Measures how delta changes as the underlying asset moves. Theta (Θ): Represents time decay – the rate at which an option loses value as expiry approaches. Vega (V): Sensitivity to volatility in the underlying asset. High volatility increases option premiums. Rho (ρ): Sensitivity to interest rate changes. Other factors include: Underlying asset price Strike price relative to market price Time to expiry Market volatility Understanding these factors is crucial for effective trading and risk management.
NSE:NIFTYEducation
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Part 2 Ride The Big MovesBasic Option Strategies For Beginners Long Call – Buy call, profit if price rises. Long Put – Buy put, profit if price falls. Covered Call – Own stock and sell call, earn premium. Protective Put – Own stock and buy put to protect against downside. Intermediate Strategies Straddle – Buy call + put at same strike, profit from volatility. Strangle – Buy OTM call + put, cheaper than straddle. Bull Call Spread – Buy lower strike call, sell higher strike call. Bear Put Spread – Buy higher strike put, sell lower strike put. Advanced Strategies Iron Condor, Butterfly Spread, Calendar Spread – mainly for experienced traders looking for defined risk/reward. Advantages of Option Trading Leverage: Small investment controls large position. Hedging: Protect stock portfolios. Flexibility: Profit in rising, falling, or sideways markets. Limited Loss: Buyers lose only the premium paid. Risks in Option Trading Premium Loss: 100% loss if option expires worthless. Time Decay: OTM options lose value fast near expiry. Complexity: Advanced strategies require precise planning. Unlimited Risk: Selling naked calls can be disastrous.
NSE:BAJFINANCEEducation
by SkyTradingZone
6
Part 1 Ride The Big MovesWhat is an Option? An option is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (called the strike price) on or before a specific date (called the expiry date). There are two main types of options: Call Option – Gives the buyer the right to buy the underlying asset. Put Option – Gives the buyer the right to sell the underlying asset. Example: If you buy a call option on stock XYZ with a strike price of ₹500, you can buy the stock at ₹500 even if the market price rises to ₹600. If you buy a put option on stock XYZ at ₹500, you can sell it at ₹500 even if the market price falls to ₹400. How Options Work Call Option Buyer: Expects the price to rise. Pays a premium upfront. Profit = Unlimited (price can rise indefinitely) – Premium paid. Loss = Premium paid (if price falls below strike). Put Option Buyer: Expects the price to fall. Pays a premium upfront. Profit = Strike – Price (max is strike – 0) – Premium paid. Loss = Premium paid. Option Seller (Writer): Receives the premium. Takes obligation to buy/sell if the buyer exercises. Risk = Can be unlimited for call sellers. Factors Affecting Option Prices (Option Greeks) Option price is influenced by: Delta (Δ) – How much the option price moves with a 1-point move in underlying. Gamma (Γ) – How fast delta changes with underlying price. Theta (Θ) – Time decay; how much value the option loses each day. Vega (V) – Sensitivity to volatility in the underlying asset. Rho (ρ) – Sensitivity to interest rates. Tip: Time decay is crucial – options lose value as expiry approaches if the underlying doesn’t move favorably.
OKX:BTCUSDEducation
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Discussion Tolins Tyres LimitedDisclaimer Disclosure : I, Vinay Kumar Taparia, am a SEBI Registered Research Analyst. Registration No. INH000018276 BSE Enlistment No. 6369 Research Analyst or his associates or his dependent family members may hold financial interest or actual/ beneficial ownership in the financial products/ securities advised herein. Statutory Disclaimers: “Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related documents carefully before investing. Registration granted by SEBI, membership of BSE and certification from NISM in no way guarantee performance of the intermediary or provide any assurance of returns to investors”
NSE:TOLINSLong
by vinaytaparia1981
Part 4 Institutional TradingAdvantages of Option Trading Leverage: Small premium controls large exposure. Flexibility: Can profit in any market—up, down, or sideways. Risk Management: Limited risk for buyers. Income Generation: Option writing provides steady cash flow. Risks of Option Trading Despite advantages, options carry risks: Time Decay: Options lose value as expiry approaches. Volatility Risk: Changes in implied volatility can hurt positions. Liquidity Risk: Some options may not have enough buyers/sellers. Unlimited Risk for Writers: Option sellers face theoretically unlimited losses. Options vs Futures Many confuse options with futures. Key differences: Futures: Obligation to buy/sell at expiry. Options: Right, not obligation. Futures: Unlimited risk both ways. Options: Buyers’ risk limited to premium.
NSE:AXISBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
7
Part 4 Trading Master ClassParticipants in Option Markets There are four key participants in option trading: Buyers of Calls – Bullish traders. Sellers of Calls (Writers) – Bearish or neutral traders, earning premium. Buyers of Puts – Bearish traders. Sellers of Puts (Writers) – Bullish or neutral traders, earning premium. Each of these participants plays a role in keeping the options market liquid. Option Pricing: The Greeks Option pricing is not random—it is influenced by multiple factors, commonly represented by the Greeks: Delta: Measures how much the option price changes when the underlying asset moves ₹1. Gamma: Measures how much Delta itself changes when the underlying moves. Theta: Measures time decay—how much the option loses value daily as expiration approaches. Vega: Measures sensitivity to volatility changes. Rho: Sensitivity to interest rate changes. For traders, Theta and Vega are the most crucial, since time decay and volatility play massive roles in profits and losses.
NSE:ICICIBANKEducation
by SkyTradingZone
8